Updated .travis.yml and added additional geometry constraints

Moved .travis.yml over to use the new test framework. A part of this
involved testing all of the configurations ran on the old framework
and deciding which to carry over. The new framework duplicates some of
the cases tested by the configurations so some configurations could be
dropped.

The .travis.yml includes some extreme ones, such as no inline files,
relocations every cycle, no intrinsics, power-loss every byte, unaligned
block_count and lookahead, and odd read_sizes.

There were several configurations were some tests failed because of
limitations in the tests themselves, so many conditions were added
to make sure the configurations can run on as many tests as possible.

tests/test_exhaustion.toml

@@ -340,6 +340,7 @@ define.LFS_BLOCK_COUNT = 256 # small bd so test runs faster
 define.LFS_BLOCK_CYCLES = [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
 define.CYCLES = 100
 define.FILES = 10
+if = 'LFS_BLOCK_CYCLES < CYCLES/10'
 code = '''
     lfs_format(&lfs, &cfg) => 0;
     lfs_mount(&lfs, &cfg) => 0;