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69294ac418
More documentation may still by worthwhile (design documentation?), but for now this provides a reasonable baseline. - readme - license - header documentation
125 lines
4.4 KiB
Markdown
125 lines
4.4 KiB
Markdown
## The little filesystem
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A little fail-safe filesystem designed for low ram/rom footprint.
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**Fail-safe** - The littlefs is designed to work consistently with random power
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failures. During filesystem operations the storage on disk is always kept
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in a valid state. The filesystem also has strong copy-on-write garuntees.
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When updating a file, the original file will remain unmodified until the
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file is closed, or sync is called.
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**Handles bad blocks** - While the littlefs does not implement static wear
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leveling, if the underlying block device reports write errors, the littlefs
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uses a form of dynamic wear leveling to manage blocks that go bad during
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the lifetime of the filesystem.
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**Constrained memory** - The littlefs is designed to work in bounded memory,
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recursion is avoided, and dynamic memory is kept to a minimum. The littlefs
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allocates two fixed-size buffers for general operations, and one fixed-size
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buffer per file. If there is only ever one file in use, these buffers can be
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provided statically.
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## Example
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Here's a simple example that updates a file named `boot_count` every time
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main runs. The program can be interrupted at any time without losing track
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of how many times it has been booted and without corrupting the filesystem:
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``` c
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#include "lfs.h"
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// variables used by the filesystem
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lfs_t lfs;
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lfs_file_t file;
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// configuration of the filesystem is provided by this struct
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const struct lfs_config cfg = {
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// block device operations
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.read = user_provided_block_device_read,
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.prog = user_provided_block_device_prog,
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.erase = user_provided_block_device_erase,
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.sync = user_provided_block_device_sync,
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// block device configuration
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.read_size = 16,
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.prog_size = 16,
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.block_size = 4096,
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.block_count = 128,
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.lookahead = 128,
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};
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// entry point
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int main(void) {
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// mount the filesystem
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int err = lfs_mount(&lfs, &cfg);
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// reformat if we can't mount the filesystem
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// this should only happen on the first boot
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if (err) {
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lfs_format(&lfs, &cfg);
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lfs_mount(&lfs, &cfg);
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}
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// read current count
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uint32_t boot_count = 0;
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lfs_file_open(&lfs, &file, "boot_count", LFS_O_RDWR | LFS_O_CREAT);
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lfs_file_read(&lfs, &file, &boot_count, sizeof(boot_count));
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// update boot count
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boot_count += 1;
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printf("boot_count: %ld\n", boot_count);
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lfs_file_rewind(&lfs, &file);
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lfs_file_write(&lfs, &file, &boot_count, sizeof(boot_count));
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// remember the storage is not updated until the file is closed successfully
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lfs_file_close(&lfs, &file);
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// release and resources we were using
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lfs_unmount(&lfs);
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}
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```
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## Usage
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Detailed documentation (or at least as much detail as is currently available)
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can be cound in the comments in [lfs.h](lfs.h).
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As you may have noticed, the littlefs takes in a configuration structure that
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defines how the filesystem operates. The configuration struct provides the
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filesystem with the block device operations and dimensions, tweakable
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parameters that tradeoff memory usage for performance, and optional
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static buffers if the user wants to avoid dynamic memory.
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The state of the littlefs is stored in the `lfs_t` type which is left up
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to the user to allocate, allowing multiple filesystems to be in use
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simultaneously. With the `lfs_t` and configuration struct, a user can either
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format a block device or mount the filesystem.
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Once mounted, the littlefs provides a full set of posix-like file and
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directory functions, with the deviation that the allocation of filesystem
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structures must be provided by the user. An important addition is that
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no file updates will actually be written to disk until a sync or close
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is called.
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## Other notes
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All littlefs have the potential to return a negative error code. The errors
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can be either one of those found in the `enum lfs_error` in [lfs.h](lfs.h),
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or an error returned by the user's block device operations.
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It should also be noted that the littlefs does not do anything to insure
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that the data written to disk is machine portable. It should be fine as
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long as the machines involved share endianness and don't have really
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strange padding requirements. If the question does come up, the littlefs
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metadata should be stored on disk in little-endian format.
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## Testing
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The littlefs comes with a test suite designed to run on a pc using the
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[emulated block device](emubd/lfs_emubd.h) found in the emubd directory.
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The tests assume a linux environment and can be started with make:
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``` bash
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make test
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```
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