Update na verzi 3.7.2. POZOR: vyzaduje do platformio.ini doplnit lib_compat_mode = strict

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -6,12 +6,4 @@ set(COMPONENT_ADD_INCLUDEDIRS
     "src"
 )
 
-set(COMPONENT_REQUIRES
-    "arduino-esp32"
-    "AsyncTCP"
-)
-
 register_component()
-
-target_compile_definitions(${COMPONENT_TARGET} PUBLIC -DESP32)
-target_compile_options(${COMPONENT_TARGET} PRIVATE -fno-rtti)

CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 We as members, contributors, and leaders pledge to make participation in our
 community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body
 size, visible or invisible disability, ethnicity, sex characteristics, gender
-identity and expression, level of experience, education, socio-economic status,
+identity and expression, level of experience, education, socioeconomic status,
 nationality, personal appearance, race, religion, or sexual identity
 and orientation.
 

data/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.

examples/Auth/Auth.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// Authentication and authorization middlewares
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#ifdef ESP32
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#elif defined(ESP8266)
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+
+// basicAuth
+static AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware basicAuth;
+static AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware basicAuthHash;
+
+// simple digest authentication
+static AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware digestAuth;
+static AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware digestAuthHash;
+
+// complex authentication which adds request attributes for the next middlewares and handler
+static AsyncMiddlewareFunction complexAuth([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ArMiddlewareNext next) {
+  if (!request->authenticate("user", "password")) {
+    return request->requestAuthentication();
+  }
+
+  // add attributes to the request for the next middlewares and handler
+  request->setAttribute("user", "Mathieu");
+  request->setAttribute("role", "staff");
+  if (request->hasParam("token")) {
+    request->setAttribute("token", request->getParam("token")->value().c_str());
+  }
+
+  next();
+});
+
+static AsyncAuthorizationMiddleware authz([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+  return request->getAttribute("token") == "123";
+});
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
+  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
+#endif
+
+  // basic authentication
+  basicAuth.setUsername("admin");
+  basicAuth.setPassword("admin");
+  basicAuth.setRealm("MyApp");
+  basicAuth.setAuthFailureMessage("Authentication failed");
+  basicAuth.setAuthType(AsyncAuthType::AUTH_BASIC);
+  basicAuth.generateHash();  // precompute hash (optional but recommended)
+
+  // basic authentication with hash
+  basicAuthHash.setUsername("admin");
+  basicAuthHash.setPasswordHash("YWRtaW46YWRtaW4=");  // BASE64(admin:admin)
+  basicAuthHash.setRealm("MyApp");
+  basicAuthHash.setAuthFailureMessage("Authentication failed");
+  basicAuthHash.setAuthType(AsyncAuthType::AUTH_BASIC);
+
+  // digest authentication
+  digestAuth.setUsername("admin");
+  digestAuth.setPassword("admin");
+  digestAuth.setRealm("MyApp");
+  digestAuth.setAuthFailureMessage("Authentication failed");
+  digestAuth.setAuthType(AsyncAuthType::AUTH_DIGEST);
+  digestAuth.generateHash();  // precompute hash (optional but recommended)
+
+  // digest authentication with hash
+  digestAuthHash.setUsername("admin");
+  digestAuthHash.setPasswordHash("f499b71f9a36d838b79268e145e132f7");  // MD5(user:realm:pass)
+  digestAuthHash.setRealm("MyApp");
+  digestAuthHash.setAuthFailureMessage("Authentication failed");
+  digestAuthHash.setAuthType(AsyncAuthType::AUTH_DIGEST);
+
+  // basic authentication method
+  // curl -v -u admin:admin  http://192.168.4.1/auth-basic
+  server
+    .on(
+      "/auth-basic", HTTP_GET,
+      [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+        request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
+      }
+    )
+    .addMiddleware(&basicAuth);
+
+  // basic authentication method with hash
+  // curl -v -u admin:admin  http://192.168.4.1/auth-basic-hash
+  server
+    .on(
+      "/auth-basic-hash", HTTP_GET,
+      [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+        request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
+      }
+    )
+    .addMiddleware(&basicAuthHash);
+
+  // digest authentication
+  // curl -v -u admin:admin --digest  http://192.168.4.1/auth-digest
+  server
+    .on(
+      "/auth-digest", HTTP_GET,
+      [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+        request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
+      }
+    )
+    .addMiddleware(&digestAuth);
+
+  // digest authentication with hash
+  // curl -v -u admin:admin --digest  http://192.168.4.1/auth-digest-hash
+  server
+    .on(
+      "/auth-digest-hash", HTTP_GET,
+      [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+        request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
+      }
+    )
+    .addMiddleware(&digestAuthHash);
+
+  // test digest auth custom authorization middleware
+  // curl -v --digest -u user:password  http://192.168.4.1/auth-custom?token=123 => OK
+  // curl -v --digest -u user:password  http://192.168.4.1/auth-custom?token=456 => 403
+  // curl -v --digest -u user:FAILED  http://192.168.4.1/auth-custom?token=456 => 401
+  server
+    .on(
+      "/auth-custom", HTTP_GET,
+      [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+        String buffer = "Hello ";
+        buffer.concat(request->getAttribute("user"));
+        buffer.concat(" with role: ");
+        buffer.concat(request->getAttribute("role"));
+        request->send(200, "text/plain", buffer);
+      }
+    )
+    .addMiddlewares({&complexAuth, &authz});
+
+  server.begin();
+}
+
+// not needed
+void loop() {
+  delay(100);
+}

examples/CORS/CORS.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// How to use CORS middleware
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#ifdef ESP32
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#elif defined(ESP8266)
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+static AsyncCorsMiddleware cors;
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
+  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
+#endif
+
+  cors.setOrigin("http://192.168.4.1");
+  cors.setMethods("POST, GET, OPTIONS, DELETE");
+  cors.setHeaders("X-Custom-Header");
+  cors.setAllowCredentials(false);
+  cors.setMaxAge(600);
+
+  server.addMiddleware(&cors);
+
+  // Test CORS preflight request
+  // curl -v -X OPTIONS -H "origin: http://192.168.4.1" http://192.168.4.1/cors
+  //
+  // Test CORS request
+  // curl -v -H "origin: http://192.168.4.1" http://192.168.4.1/cors
+  //
+  // Test non-CORS request
+  // curl -v http://192.168.4.1/cors
+  //
+  server.on("/cors", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
+  });
+
+  server.begin();
+}
+
+// not needed
+void loop() {
+  delay(100);
+}

examples/CaptivePortal/CaptivePortal.ino

@@ -1,36 +1,39 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
 #include <DNSServer.h>
 #ifdef ESP32
-  #include <AsyncTCP.h>
-  #include <WiFi.h>
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
 #elif defined(ESP8266)
-  #include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
-  #include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
-#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040)
-  #include <WebServer.h>
-  #include <WiFi.h>
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
 #endif
 #include "ESPAsyncWebServer.h"
 
-DNSServer dnsServer;
-AsyncWebServer server(80);
+static DNSServer dnsServer;
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
 
 class CaptiveRequestHandler : public AsyncWebHandler {
-  public:
-    bool canHandle(__unused AsyncWebServerRequest* request) const override {
-      return true;
-    }
+public:
+  bool canHandle(__unused AsyncWebServerRequest *request) const override {
+    return true;
+  }
 
-    void handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-      AsyncResponseStream* response = request->beginResponseStream("text/html");
-      response->print("<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Captive Portal</title></head><body>");
-      response->print("<p>This is out captive portal front page.</p>");
-      response->printf("<p>You were trying to reach: http://%s%s</p>", request->host().c_str(), request->url().c_str());
+  void handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    AsyncResponseStream *response = request->beginResponseStream("text/html");
+    response->print("<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Captive Portal</title></head><body>");
+    response->print("<p>This is our captive portal front page.</p>");
+    response->printf("<p>You were trying to reach: http://%s%s</p>", request->host().c_str(), request->url().c_str());
 #ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
-      response->printf("<p>Try opening <a href='http://%s'>this link</a> instead</p>", WiFi.softAPIP().toString().c_str());
+    response->printf("<p>Try opening <a href='http://%s'>this link</a> instead</p>", WiFi.softAPIP().toString().c_str());
 #endif
-      response->print("</body></html>");
-      request->send(response);
-    }
+    response->print("</body></html>");
+    request->send(response);
+  }
 };
 
 void setup() {
@@ -41,14 +44,13 @@ void setup() {
 #ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
   if (!WiFi.softAP("esp-captive")) {
     Serial.println("Soft AP creation failed.");
-    while (1)
-      ;
+    while (1);
   }
 
   dnsServer.start(53, "*", WiFi.softAPIP());
 #endif
 
-  server.addHandler(new CaptiveRequestHandler()).setFilter(ON_AP_FILTER); // only when requested from AP
+  server.addHandler(new CaptiveRequestHandler()).setFilter(ON_AP_FILTER);  // only when requested from AP
   // more handlers...
   server.begin();
 }

examples/CatchAllHandler/CatchAllHandler.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// Shows how to catch all requests and send a 404 Not Found response
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#ifdef ESP32
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#elif defined(ESP8266)
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+
+static const char *htmlContent PROGMEM = R"(
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+    <title>Sample HTML</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <h1>Hello, World!</h1>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+</body>
+</html>
+)";
+
+static const size_t htmlContentLength = strlen_P(htmlContent);
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
+  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
+#endif
+
+  // curl -v http://192.168.4.1/
+  server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    // need to cast to uint8_t*
+    // if you do not, the const char* will be copied in a temporary String buffer
+    request->send(200, "text/html", (uint8_t *)htmlContent, htmlContentLength);
+  });
+
+  // catch any request, and send a 404 Not Found response
+  // except for /game_log which is handled by onRequestBody
+  //
+  // curl -v http://192.168.4.1/foo
+  //
+  server.onNotFound([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    if (request->url() == "/game_log") {
+      return;  // response object already created by onRequestBody
+    }
+
+    request->send(404, "text/plain", "Not found");
+  });
+
+  // See: https://github.com/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer/issues/6
+  // catch any POST request and send a 200 OK response
+  //
+  // curl -v -X POST http://192.168.4.1/game_log -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"game": "test"}'
+  //
+  server.onRequestBody([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, uint8_t *data, size_t len, size_t index, size_t total) {
+    if (request->url() == "/game_log") {
+      request->send(200, "application/json", "{\"status\":\"OK\"}");
+    }
+    // note that there is no else here: the goal is only to prepare a response based on some body content
+    // onNotFound will always be called after this, and will not override the response object if `/game_log` is requested
+  });
+
+  server.begin();
+}
+
+// not needed
+void loop() {
+  delay(100);
+}

examples/ChunkResponse/ChunkResponse.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// Chunk response with caching example
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#ifdef ESP32
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#elif defined(ESP8266)
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+
+static const char *htmlContent PROGMEM = R"(
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+    <title>Sample HTML</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <h1>Hello, World!</h1>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+</body>
+</html>
+)";
+
+static const size_t htmlContentLength = strlen_P(htmlContent);
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
+  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
+#endif
+
+  // first time: serves the file and cache headers
+  // curl -N -v http://192.168.4.1/ --output -
+  //
+  // secodn time: serves 304
+  // curl -N -v -H "if-none-match: 4272" http://192.168.4.1/ --output -
+  //
+  server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    String etag = String(htmlContentLength);
+
+    if (request->header(asyncsrv::T_INM) == etag) {
+      request->send(304);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    AsyncWebServerResponse *response = request->beginChunkedResponse("text/html", [](uint8_t *buffer, size_t maxLen, size_t index) -> size_t {
+      Serial.printf("%u / %u\n", index, htmlContentLength);
+
+      // finished ?
+      if (htmlContentLength <= index) {
+        Serial.println("finished");
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      // serve a maximum of 256 or maxLen bytes of the remaining content
+      // this small number is specifically chosen to demonstrate the chunking
+      // DO NOT USE SUCH SMALL NUMBER IN PRODUCTION
+      // Reducing the chunk size will increase the response time, thus reducing the server's capacity in processing concurrent requests
+      const int chunkSize = min((size_t)256, min(maxLen, htmlContentLength - index));
+      Serial.printf("sending: %u\n", chunkSize);
+
+      memcpy(buffer, htmlContent + index, chunkSize);
+
+      return chunkSize;
+    });
+
+    response->addHeader(asyncsrv::T_Cache_Control, "public,max-age=60");
+    response->addHeader(asyncsrv::T_ETag, etag);
+
+    request->send(response);
+  });
+
+  server.begin();
+}
+
+void loop() {
+  delay(100);
+}

examples/ChunkRetryResponse/ChunkRetryResponse.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// Shows how to wait in a chunk response for incoming data
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#ifdef ESP32
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#elif defined(ESP8266)
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+
+#if __has_include("ArduinoJson.h")
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+#include <AsyncJson.h>
+#include <AsyncMessagePack.h>
+#endif
+
+static const char *htmlContent PROGMEM = R"(
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+    <title>Sample HTML</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <h1>Hello, World!</h1>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+</body>
+</html>
+)";
+
+static const size_t htmlContentLength = strlen_P(htmlContent);
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+static AsyncLoggingMiddleware requestLogger;
+
+static String triggerUART;
+static int key = -1;
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
+  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
+#endif
+
+  // adds some internal request logging for debugging
+  requestLogger.setEnabled(true);
+  requestLogger.setOutput(Serial);
+
+  server.addMiddleware(&requestLogger);
+
+#if __has_include("ArduinoJson.h")
+
+  //
+  // HOW TO RUN THIS EXAMPLE:
+  //
+  // 1. Trigger a request that will be blocked for a long time:
+  //    > time curl -v -X POST http://192.168.4.1/api -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"input": "Please type a key to continue in Serial console..."}' --output -
+  //
+  // 2. While waiting, in another terminal, run some concurrent requests:
+  //    > time curl -v http://192.168.4.1/
+  //
+  // 3. Type a key in the Serial console to continue the processing within 30 seconds.
+  //    This should unblock the first request.
+  //
+  server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    // need to cast to uint8_t*
+    // if you do not, the const char* will be copied in a temporary String buffer
+    request->send(200, "text/html", (uint8_t *)htmlContent, htmlContentLength);
+  });
+
+  server.on(
+    "/api", HTTP_POST,
+    [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+      // request parsing has finished
+
+      // no data ?
+      if (!((String *)request->_tempObject)->length()) {
+        request->send(400);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      JsonDocument doc;
+
+      // deserialize and check for errors
+      if (deserializeJson(doc, *(String *)request->_tempObject)) {
+        request->send(400);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // start UART com: UART will send the data to the Serial console and wait for the key press
+      triggerUART = doc["input"].as<const char *>();
+      key = -1;
+
+      AsyncWebServerResponse *response = request->beginChunkedResponse("text/plain", [](uint8_t *buffer, size_t maxLen, size_t index) -> size_t {
+        // still waiting for UARY ?
+        if (triggerUART.length() && key == -1) {
+          return RESPONSE_TRY_AGAIN;
+        }
+
+        // finished ?
+        if (!triggerUART.length() && key == -1) {
+          return 0;  // 0 means we are done
+        }
+
+        // log_d("UART answered!");
+
+        String answer = "You typed: ";
+        answer.concat((char)key);
+
+        // note: I did not check for maxLen, but you should (see ChunkResponse.ino)
+        memcpy(buffer, answer.c_str(), answer.length());
+
+        // finish!
+        triggerUART = emptyString;
+        key = -1;
+
+        return answer.length();
+      });
+
+      request->send(response);
+    },
+    NULL,  // upload handler is not used so it should be NULL
+    [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, uint8_t *data, size_t len, size_t index, size_t total) {
+      // log_d("Body: index: %u, len: %u, total: %u", index, len, total);
+
+      if (!index) {
+        // log_d("Start body parsing");
+        request->_tempObject = new String();
+        // cast request->_tempObject pointer to String and reserve total size
+        ((String *)request->_tempObject)->reserve(total);
+        // set timeout 30s
+        request->client()->setRxTimeout(30);
+      }
+
+      // log_d("Append body data");
+      ((String *)request->_tempObject)->concat((const char *)data, len);
+    }
+  );
+
+#endif
+
+  server.begin();
+}
+
+void loop() {
+  if (triggerUART.length() && key == -1) {
+    Serial.println(triggerUART);
+    // log_d("Waiting for UART input...");
+    while (!Serial.available()) {
+      delay(100);
+    }
+    key = Serial.read();
+    Serial.flush();
+    // log_d("UART input: %c", key);
+    triggerUART = emptyString;
+  }
+}

examples/EndBegin/EndBegin.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// https://github.com/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer/discussions/23
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#ifdef ESP32
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#elif defined(ESP8266)
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
+  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
+#endif
+
+  server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world");
+  });
+
+  server.begin();
+  Serial.println("begin() - run: curl -v http://192.168.4.1/ => should succeed");
+  delay(10000);
+
+  Serial.println("end()");
+  server.end();
+  server.begin();
+  Serial.println("begin() - run: curl -v http://192.168.4.1/ => should succeed");
+}
+
+// not needed
+void loop() {
+  delay(100);
+}

examples/Filters/Filters.ino

@@ -1,38 +1,43 @@
-// Reproduced issue https://github.com/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer/issues/26
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// Shows how to use setFilter to route requests to different handlers based on WiFi mode
+//
 
 #include <DNSServer.h>
 #ifdef ESP32
-  #include <AsyncTCP.h>
-  #include <WiFi.h>
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
 #elif defined(ESP8266)
-  #include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
-  #include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
-#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040)
-  #include <WebServer.h>
-  #include <WiFi.h>
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
 #endif
 #include "ESPAsyncWebServer.h"
 
-DNSServer dnsServer;
-AsyncWebServer server(80);
+static DNSServer dnsServer;
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
 
 class CaptiveRequestHandler : public AsyncWebHandler {
-  public:
-    bool canHandle(__unused AsyncWebServerRequest* request) const override {
-      return true;
-    }
+public:
+  bool canHandle(__unused AsyncWebServerRequest *request) const override {
+    return true;
+  }
 
-    void handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) override {
-      AsyncResponseStream* response = request->beginResponseStream("text/html");
-      response->print("<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Captive Portal</title></head><body>");
-      response->print("<p>This is out captive portal front page.</p>");
-      response->printf("<p>You were trying to reach: http://%s%s</p>", request->host().c_str(), request->url().c_str());
+  void handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) override {
+    AsyncResponseStream *response = request->beginResponseStream("text/html");
+    response->print("<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Captive Portal</title></head><body>");
+    response->print("<p>This is out captive portal front page.</p>");
+    response->printf("<p>You were trying to reach: http://%s%s</p>", request->host().c_str(), request->url().c_str());
 #ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
-      response->printf("<p>Try opening <a href='http://%s'>this link</a> instead</p>", WiFi.softAPIP().toString().c_str());
+    response->printf("<p>Try opening <a href='http://%s'>this link</a> instead</p>", WiFi.softAPIP().toString().c_str());
 #endif
-      response->print("</body></html>");
-      request->send(response);
-    }
+    response->print("</body></html>");
+    request->send(response);
+  }
 };
 
 bool hit1 = false;
@@ -42,49 +47,55 @@ void setup() {
   Serial.begin(115200);
 
   server
-    .on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-      Serial.println("Captive portal request...");
+    .on(
+      "/", HTTP_GET,
+      [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+        Serial.println("Captive portal request...");
 #ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
-      Serial.println("WiFi.localIP(): " + WiFi.localIP().toString());
+        Serial.println("WiFi.localIP(): " + WiFi.localIP().toString());
 #endif
-      Serial.println("request->client()->localIP(): " + request->client()->localIP().toString());
+        Serial.println("request->client()->localIP(): " + request->client()->localIP().toString());
 #if ESP_IDF_VERSION_MAJOR >= 5
-  #ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
-      Serial.println("WiFi.type(): " + String((int)WiFi.localIP().type()));
-  #endif
-      Serial.println("request->client()->type(): " + String((int)request->client()->localIP().type()));
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+        Serial.println("WiFi.type(): " + String((int)WiFi.localIP().type()));
+#endif
+        Serial.println("request->client()->type(): " + String((int)request->client()->localIP().type()));
 #endif
 #ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
-      Serial.println(WiFi.localIP() == request->client()->localIP() ? "should be: ON_STA_FILTER" : "should be: ON_AP_FILTER");
-      Serial.println(WiFi.localIP() == request->client()->localIP());
-      Serial.println(WiFi.localIP().toString() == request->client()->localIP().toString());
+        Serial.println(WiFi.localIP() == request->client()->localIP() ? "should be: ON_STA_FILTER" : "should be: ON_AP_FILTER");
+        Serial.println(WiFi.localIP() == request->client()->localIP());
+        Serial.println(WiFi.localIP().toString() == request->client()->localIP().toString());
 #endif
-      request->send(200, "text/plain", "This is the captive portal");
-      hit1 = true;
-    })
+        request->send(200, "text/plain", "This is the captive portal");
+        hit1 = true;
+      }
+    )
     .setFilter(ON_AP_FILTER);
 
   server
-    .on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-      Serial.println("Website request...");
+    .on(
+      "/", HTTP_GET,
+      [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+        Serial.println("Website request...");
 #ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
-      Serial.println("WiFi.localIP(): " + WiFi.localIP().toString());
+        Serial.println("WiFi.localIP(): " + WiFi.localIP().toString());
 #endif
-      Serial.println("request->client()->localIP(): " + request->client()->localIP().toString());
+        Serial.println("request->client()->localIP(): " + request->client()->localIP().toString());
 #if ESP_IDF_VERSION_MAJOR >= 5
-  #ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
-      Serial.println("WiFi.type(): " + String((int)WiFi.localIP().type()));
-  #endif
-      Serial.println("request->client()->type(): " + String((int)request->client()->localIP().type()));
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+        Serial.println("WiFi.type(): " + String((int)WiFi.localIP().type()));
+#endif
+        Serial.println("request->client()->type(): " + String((int)request->client()->localIP().type()));
 #endif
 #ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
-      Serial.println(WiFi.localIP() == request->client()->localIP() ? "should be: ON_STA_FILTER" : "should be: ON_AP_FILTER");
-      Serial.println(WiFi.localIP() == request->client()->localIP());
-      Serial.println(WiFi.localIP().toString() == request->client()->localIP().toString());
+        Serial.println(WiFi.localIP() == request->client()->localIP() ? "should be: ON_STA_FILTER" : "should be: ON_AP_FILTER");
+        Serial.println(WiFi.localIP() == request->client()->localIP());
+        Serial.println(WiFi.localIP().toString() == request->client()->localIP().toString());
 #endif
-      request->send(200, "text/plain", "This is the website");
-      hit2 = true;
-    })
+        request->send(200, "text/plain", "This is the website");
+        hit2 = true;
+      }
+    )
     .setFilter(ON_STA_FILTER);
 
   // assert(WiFi.softAP("esp-captive-portal"));
@@ -121,4 +132,5 @@ void setup() {
 }
 
 void loop() {
+  delay(100);
 }

examples/FlashResponse/FlashResponse.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// Shows how to serve a large HTML page from flash memory without copying it to heap in a temporary buffer
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#ifdef ESP32
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#elif defined(ESP8266)
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+
+static const char *htmlContent PROGMEM = R"(
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+    <title>Sample HTML</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <h1>Hello, World!</h1>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+</body>
+</html>
+)";
+
+static const size_t htmlContentLength = strlen_P(htmlContent);
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
+  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
+#endif
+
+  // curl -v http://192.168.4.1/
+  server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    // need to cast to uint8_t*
+    // if you do not, the const char* will be copied in a temporary String buffer
+    request->send(200, "text/html", (uint8_t *)htmlContent, htmlContentLength);
+  });
+
+  server.begin();
+}
+
+// not needed
+void loop() {
+  delay(100);
+}

examples/HeaderManipulation/HeaderManipulation.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// Show how to manipulate headers in the request / response
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#ifdef ESP32
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#elif defined(ESP8266)
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+
+// request logger
+static AsyncLoggingMiddleware requestLogger;
+
+// filter out specific headers from the incoming request
+static AsyncHeaderFilterMiddleware headerFilter;
+
+// remove all headers from the incoming request except the ones provided in the constructor
+AsyncHeaderFreeMiddleware headerFree;
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
+  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
+#endif
+
+  requestLogger.setEnabled(true);
+  requestLogger.setOutput(Serial);
+
+  headerFilter.filter("X-Remove-Me");
+
+  headerFree.keep("X-Keep-Me");
+  headerFree.keep("host");
+
+  server.addMiddlewares({&requestLogger, &headerFilter});
+
+  // x-remove-me header will be removed
+  //
+  // curl -v -H "X-Header: Foo" -H "x-remove-me: value" http://192.168.4.1/remove
+  //
+  server.on("/remove", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    // print all headers
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < request->headers(); i++) {
+      const AsyncWebHeader *h = request->getHeader(i);
+      Serial.printf("Header[%s]: %s\n", h->name().c_str(), h->value().c_str());
+    }
+    request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
+  });
+
+  // Only headers x-keep-me and host will be kept
+  //
+  // curl -v -H "x-keep-me: value" -H "x-remove-me: value" http://192.168.4.1/keep
+  //
+  server
+    .on(
+      "/keep", HTTP_GET,
+      [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+        // print all headers
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < request->headers(); i++) {
+          const AsyncWebHeader *h = request->getHeader(i);
+          Serial.printf("Header[%s]: %s\n", h->name().c_str(), h->value().c_str());
+        }
+        request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
+      }
+    )
+    .addMiddleware(&headerFree);
+
+  server.begin();
+}
+
+// not needed
+void loop() {
+  delay(100);
+}

examples/Headers/Headers.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// Query and send headers
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#ifdef ESP32
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#elif defined(ESP8266)
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
+  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
+#endif
+
+  //
+  // curl -v http://192.168.4.1
+  //
+  server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    //List all collected headers
+    int headers = request->headers();
+    int i;
+    for (i = 0; i < headers; i++) {
+      const AsyncWebHeader *h = request->getHeader(i);
+      Serial.printf("HEADER[%s]: %s\n", h->name().c_str(), h->value().c_str());
+    }
+
+    AsyncWebServerResponse *response = request->beginResponse(200, "text/plain", "Hello World!");
+
+    //Add header to the response
+    response->addHeader("Server", "ESP Async Web Server");
+
+    //Add multiple headers with the same name
+    response->addHeader("Set-Cookie", "sessionId=38afes7a8", false);
+    response->addHeader("Set-Cookie", "id=a3fWa; Max-Age=2592000", false);
+    response->addHeader("Set-Cookie", "qwerty=219ffwef9w0f; Domain=example.com", false);
+
+    //Remove specific header
+    response->removeHeader("Set-Cookie", "sessionId=38afes7a8");
+
+    //Remove all headers with the same name
+    response->removeHeader("Set-Cookie");
+
+    request->send(response);
+  });
+
+  server.begin();
+}
+
+void loop() {
+  //Sleep in the loop task to not keep the CPU busy
+  delay(1000);
+}

examples/Issue162/Issue162.ino

@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-/**
- *
- * Connect to AP and run in bash:
- *
- * > while true; do echo "PING"; sleep 0.1; done | websocat ws://192.168.4.1/ws
- *
- */
-#include <Arduino.h>
-#ifdef ESP8266
-  #include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
-#endif
-#ifdef ESP32
-  #include <WiFi.h>
-#endif
-#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
-
-#include <list>
-AsyncWebServer server(80);
-AsyncWebSocket ws("/ws");
-
-void onWsEvent(AsyncWebSocket* server, AsyncWebSocketClient* client, AwsEventType type, void* arg, uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
-  if (type == WS_EVT_CONNECT) {
-    Serial.printf("Client #%" PRIu32 " connected.\n", client->id());
-  } else if (type == WS_EVT_DISCONNECT) {
-    Serial.printf("Client #%" PRIu32 " disconnected.\n", client->id());
-  } else if (type == WS_EVT_ERROR) {
-    Serial.printf("Client #%" PRIu32 " error.\n", client->id());
-  } else if (type == WS_EVT_DATA) {
-    Serial.printf("Client #%" PRIu32 " len: %u\n", client->id(), len);
-  } else if (type == WS_EVT_PONG) {
-    Serial.printf("Client #%" PRIu32 " pong.\n", client->id());
-  } else if (type == WS_EVT_PING) {
-    Serial.printf("Client #%" PRIu32 " ping.\n", client->id());
-  }
-}
-
-void setup() {
-  Serial.begin(115200);
-
-  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
-  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
-
-  ws.onEvent(onWsEvent);
-  server.addHandler(&ws);
-
-  server.on("/close_all_ws_clients", HTTP_GET | HTTP_POST, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-    Serial.println("Closing all WebSocket clients...");
-    ws.closeAll();
-    request->send(200, "application/json", "{\"status\":\"all clients closed\"}");
-  });
-
-  server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-    request->send(200, "text/html", R"rawliteral(
-    <!DOCTYPE html>
-        <html>
-        <head></head>
-        <script> 
-            let ws = new WebSocket("ws://" + window.location.host + "/ws");
-
-            ws.addEventListener("open", (e) => {
-                console.log("WebSocket connected", e);
-            });
-
-            ws.addEventListener("error", (e) => {
-                console.log("WebSocket error", e);
-            });
-
-            ws.addEventListener("close", (e) => {
-                console.log("WebSocket close", e);
-            });
-
-            ws.addEventListener("message", (e) => {
-                console.log("WebSocket message", e);
-            });
-                    
-            function closeAllWsClients() {
-              fetch("/close_all_ws_clients", {
-                  method : "POST",
-              });
-            };
-        </script>
-        <body>
-            <button onclick = "closeAllWsClients()" style = "width: 200px"> ws close all</button><p></p>  
-          </body>
-        </html>
-  )rawliteral");
-  });
-
-  server.begin();
-}
-
-uint32_t lastTime = 0;
-void loop() {
-  if (millis() - lastTime > 5000) {
-    lastTime = millis();
-    Serial.printf("Client count: %u\n", ws.count());
-  }
-  ws.cleanupClients();
-}

examples/Issue85/Issue85.ino

@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
-/**
- *
- * Connect to AP and run in bash:
- *
- * > while true; do echo "PING"; sleep 0.1; done | websocat ws://192.168.4.1/ws
- *
- */
-#include <Arduino.h>
-#ifdef ESP8266
-  #include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
-#endif
-#ifdef ESP32
-  #include <WiFi.h>
-#endif
-#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
-
-#include <list>
-
-size_t msgCount = 0;
-size_t window = 100;
-std::list<uint32_t> times;
-
-void connect_wifi() {
-  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
-  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
-
-  // Serial.print("Connecting");
-  // while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
-  //   delay(500);
-  //   Serial.print(".");
-  // }
-  // Serial.println();
-
-  // Serial.print("Connected, IP address: ");
-  // Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
-}
-
-void notFound(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-  request->send(404, "text/plain", "Not found");
-}
-
-AsyncWebServer server(80);
-AsyncWebSocket ws("/ws");
-
-// initial stack
-char* stack_start;
-
-void printStackSize() {
-  char stack;
-  Serial.print(F("stack size "));
-  Serial.print(stack_start - &stack);
-  Serial.print(F(" | Heap free:"));
-  Serial.print(ESP.getFreeHeap());
-#ifdef ESP8266
-  Serial.print(F(" frag:"));
-  Serial.print(ESP.getHeapFragmentation());
-  Serial.print(F(" maxFreeBlock:"));
-  Serial.print(ESP.getMaxFreeBlockSize());
-#endif
-  Serial.println();
-}
-
-void onWsEventEmpty(AsyncWebSocket* server, AsyncWebSocketClient* client, AwsEventType type, void* arg, uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
-  msgCount++;
-  Serial.printf("count: %d\n", msgCount);
-
-  times.push_back(millis());
-  while (times.size() > window)
-    times.pop_front();
-  if (times.size() == window)
-    Serial.printf("%f req/s\n", 1000.0 * window / (times.back() - times.front()));
-
-  printStackSize();
-
-  client->text("PONG");
-}
-
-void serve_upload(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, const String& filename, size_t index, uint8_t* data, size_t len, bool final) {
-  Serial.print("> onUpload ");
-  Serial.print("index: ");
-  Serial.print(index);
-  Serial.print(" len:");
-  Serial.print(len);
-  Serial.print(" final:");
-  Serial.print(final);
-  Serial.println();
-}
-
-void setup() {
-  char stack;
-  stack_start = &stack;
-
-  Serial.begin(115200);
-  Serial.println("\n\n\nStart");
-  Serial.printf("stack_start: %p\n", stack_start);
-
-  connect_wifi();
-
-  server.onNotFound(notFound);
-
-  ws.onEvent(onWsEventEmpty);
-  server.addHandler(&ws);
-
-  server.on("/upload", HTTP_POST, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) { request->send(200); }, serve_upload);
-
-  server.begin();
-  Serial.println("Server started");
-}
-
-String msg = "";
-uint32_t count = 0;
-void loop() {
-  // ws.cleanupClients();
-  // count += 1;
-  // // Concatenate some string, and clear it after some time
-  // static unsigned long millis_string = millis();
-  // if (millis() - millis_string > 1) {
-  //   millis_string += 100;
-  //   if (count % 100 == 0) {
-  //     // printStackSize();
-  //     // Serial.print(msg);
-  //     msg = String();
-  //   } else {
-  //     msg += 'T';
-  //   }
-  // }
-}

examples/Json/Json.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// Shows how to send and receive Json data
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#ifdef ESP32
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#elif defined(ESP8266)
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+
+#if __has_include("ArduinoJson.h")
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+#include <AsyncJson.h>
+#include <AsyncMessagePack.h>
+#endif
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+
+#if __has_include("ArduinoJson.h")
+static AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler *handler = new AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler("/json2");
+#endif
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
+  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
+#endif
+
+#if __has_include("ArduinoJson.h")
+  //
+  // sends JSON using AsyncJsonResponse
+  //
+  // curl -v http://192.168.4.1/json1
+  //
+  server.on("/json1", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    AsyncJsonResponse *response = new AsyncJsonResponse();
+    JsonObject root = response->getRoot().to<JsonObject>();
+    root["hello"] = "world";
+    response->setLength();
+    request->send(response);
+  });
+
+  // Send JSON using AsyncResponseStream
+  //
+  // curl -v http://192.168.4.1/json2
+  //
+  server.on("/json2", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    AsyncResponseStream *response = request->beginResponseStream("application/json");
+    JsonDocument doc;
+    JsonObject root = doc.to<JsonObject>();
+    root["foo"] = "bar";
+    serializeJson(root, *response);
+    request->send(response);
+  });
+
+  // curl -v -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"name":"You"}' http://192.168.4.1/json2
+  // curl -v -X PUT -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"name":"You"}' http://192.168.4.1/json2
+  handler->setMethod(HTTP_POST | HTTP_PUT);
+  handler->onRequest([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, JsonVariant &json) {
+    serializeJson(json, Serial);
+    AsyncJsonResponse *response = new AsyncJsonResponse();
+    JsonObject root = response->getRoot().to<JsonObject>();
+    root["hello"] = json.as<JsonObject>()["name"];
+    response->setLength();
+    request->send(response);
+  });
+
+  server.addHandler(handler);
+#endif
+
+  server.begin();
+}
+
+// not needed
+void loop() {
+  delay(100);
+}

examples/Logging/Logging.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// Show how to log the incoming request and response as a curl-like syntax
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#ifdef ESP32
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#elif defined(ESP8266)
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+static AsyncLoggingMiddleware requestLogger;
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
+  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
+#endif
+
+  requestLogger.setEnabled(true);
+  requestLogger.setOutput(Serial);
+
+  server.addMiddleware(&requestLogger);
+
+  // curl -v -H "X-Header:Foo" http://192.168.4.1/
+  server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
+  });
+
+  server.begin();
+}
+
+// not needed
+void loop() {
+  delay(100);
+}

examples/MessagePack/MessagePack.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// Shows how to send and receive Message Pack data
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#ifdef ESP32
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#elif defined(ESP8266)
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+
+#if __has_include("ArduinoJson.h")
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+#include <AsyncJson.h>
+#include <AsyncMessagePack.h>
+#endif
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+
+#if __has_include("ArduinoJson.h")
+static AsyncCallbackMessagePackWebHandler *handler = new AsyncCallbackMessagePackWebHandler("/msgpack2");
+#endif
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
+  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
+#endif
+
+#if __has_include("ArduinoJson.h")
+  //
+  // sends MessagePack using AsyncMessagePackResponse
+  //
+  // curl -v http://192.168.4.1/msgpack1
+  //
+  server.on("/msgpack1", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    AsyncMessagePackResponse *response = new AsyncMessagePackResponse();
+    JsonObject root = response->getRoot().to<JsonObject>();
+    root["hello"] = "world";
+    response->setLength();
+    request->send(response);
+  });
+
+  // Send MessagePack using AsyncResponseStream
+  //
+  // curl -v http://192.168.4.1/msgpack2
+  //
+  server.on("/msgpack2", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    AsyncResponseStream *response = request->beginResponseStream("application/msgpack");
+    JsonDocument doc;
+    JsonObject root = doc.to<JsonObject>();
+    root["foo"] = "bar";
+    serializeMsgPack(root, *response);
+    request->send(response);
+  });
+
+  handler->setMethod(HTTP_POST | HTTP_PUT);
+  handler->onRequest([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, JsonVariant &json) {
+    serializeJson(json, Serial);
+    AsyncMessagePackResponse *response = new AsyncMessagePackResponse();
+    JsonObject root = response->getRoot().to<JsonObject>();
+    root["hello"] = json.as<JsonObject>()["name"];
+    response->setLength();
+    request->send(response);
+  });
+
+  server.addHandler(handler);
+#endif
+
+  server.begin();
+}
+
+// not needed
+void loop() {
+  delay(100);
+}

examples/Middleware/Middleware.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// Show how to sue Middleware
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#ifdef ESP32
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#elif defined(ESP8266)
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+
+// New middleware classes can be created!
+class MyMiddleware : public AsyncMiddleware {
+public:
+  void run(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ArMiddlewareNext next) override {
+    Serial.printf("Before handler: %s %s\n", request->methodToString(), request->url().c_str());
+    next();  // continue middleware chain
+    Serial.printf("After handler: response code=%d\n", request->getResponse()->code());
+  }
+};
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
+  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
+#endif
+
+  // add a global middleware to the server
+  server.addMiddleware(new MyMiddleware());
+
+  // Test with:
+  //
+  // - curl -v http://192.168.4.1/            => 200 OK
+  // - curl -v http://192.168.4.1/?user=anon  => 403 Forbidden
+  // - curl -v http://192.168.4.1/?user=foo   => 200 OK
+  // - curl -v http://192.168.4.1/?user=error => 400 ERROR
+  //
+  AsyncCallbackWebHandler &handler = server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    Serial.printf("In Handler: %s %s\n", request->methodToString(), request->url().c_str());
+    request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
+  });
+
+  // add a middleware to this handler only to send 403 if the user is anon
+  handler.addMiddleware([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ArMiddlewareNext next) {
+    Serial.println("Checking user=anon");
+    if (request->hasParam("user") && request->getParam("user")->value() == "anon") {
+      request->send(403, "text/plain", "Forbidden");
+    } else {
+      next();
+    }
+  });
+
+  // add a middleware to this handler that will replace the previously created response by another one
+  handler.addMiddleware([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ArMiddlewareNext next) {
+    next();
+    Serial.println("Checking user=error");
+    if (request->hasParam("user") && request->getParam("user")->value() == "error") {
+      request->send(400, "text/plain", "ERROR");
+    }
+  });
+
+  server.begin();
+}
+
+// not needed
+void loop() {
+  delay(100);
+}

examples/Params/Params.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// Query parameters and body parameters
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#ifdef ESP32
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#elif defined(ESP8266)
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+
+static const char *htmlContent PROGMEM = R"(
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+    <title>POST Request with Multiple Parameters</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <form action="http://192.168.4.1" method="POST">
+        <label for="who">Who?</label>
+        <input type="text" id="who" name="who" value="Carl"><br>
+        <label for="g0">g0:</label>
+        <input type="text" id="g0" name="g0" value="1"><br>
+        <label for="a0">a0:</label>
+        <input type="text" id="a0" name="a0" value="2"><br>
+        <label for="n0">n0:</label>
+        <input type="text" id="n0" name="n0" value="3"><br>
+        <label for="t10">t10:</label>
+        <input type="text" id="t10" name="t10" value="3"><br>
+        <label for="t20">t20:</label>
+        <input type="text" id="t20" name="t20" value="4"><br>
+        <label for="t30">t30:</label>
+        <input type="text" id="t30" name="t30" value="5"><br>
+        <label for="t40">t40:</label>
+        <input type="text" id="t40" name="t40" value="6"><br>
+        <label for="t50">t50:</label>
+        <input type="text" id="t50" name="t50" value="7"><br>
+        <label for="g1">g1:</label>
+        <input type="text" id="g1" name="g1" value="2"><br>
+        <label for="a1">a1:</label>
+        <input type="text" id="a1" name="a1" value="2"><br>
+        <label for="n1">n1:</label>
+        <input type="text" id="n1" name="n1" value="3"><br>
+        <label for="t11">t11:</label>
+        <input type="text" id="t11" name="t11" value="13"><br>
+        <label for="t21">t21:</label>
+        <input type="text" id="t21" name="t21" value="14"><br>
+        <label for="t31">t31:</label>
+        <input type="text" id="t31" name="t31" value="15"><br>
+        <label for="t41">t41:</label>
+        <input type="text" id="t41" name="t41" value="16"><br>
+        <label for="t51">t51:</label>
+        <input type="text" id="t51" name="t51" value="17"><br>
+        <input type="submit" value="Submit">
+    </form>
+</body>
+</html>
+)";
+
+static const size_t htmlContentLength = strlen_P(htmlContent);
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
+  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
+#endif
+
+  // Get query parameters
+  //
+  // curl -v http://192.168.4.1/?who=Bob
+  //
+  server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    if (request->hasParam("who")) {
+      Serial.printf("Who? %s\n", request->getParam("who")->value().c_str());
+    }
+
+    request->send(200, "text/html", (uint8_t *)htmlContent, htmlContentLength);
+  });
+
+  // Get form body parameters
+  //
+  // curl -v -H "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded" -d "who=Carl" -d "param=value" http://192.168.4.1/
+  //
+  server.on("/", HTTP_POST, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    // display params
+    size_t count = request->params();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      const AsyncWebParameter *p = request->getParam(i);
+      Serial.printf("PARAM[%u]: %s = %s\n", i, p->name().c_str(), p->value().c_str());
+    }
+
+    // get who param
+    String who;
+    if (request->hasParam("who", true)) {
+      who = request->getParam("who", true)->value();
+    } else {
+      who = "No message sent";
+    }
+    request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello " + who + "!");
+  });
+
+  server.begin();
+}
+
+// not needed
+void loop() {
+  delay(100);
+}

examples/PartitionDownloader/PartitionDownloader.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// - Download ESP32 partition by name and/or type and/or subtype
+// - Support encrypted and non-encrypted partitions
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#ifdef ESP32
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#elif defined(ESP8266)
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+#include <LittleFS.h>
+
+#ifndef ESP32
+// this example is only for the ESP32
+void setup() {}
+void loop() {}
+#else
+
+#include <esp_partition.h>
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
+  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
+#endif
+
+  LittleFS.begin(true);
+
+  // To upload the FS partition, run:
+  // > pio run -e arduino-3 -t buildfs
+  // > pio run -e arduino-3 -t uploadfs
+  //
+  // Examples:
+  //
+  // - Download the partition named "spiffs": http://192.168.4.1/partition?label=spiffs
+  // - Download the partition named "spiffs" with type "data": http://192.168.4.1/partition?label=spiffs&type=1
+  // - Download the partition named "spiffs" with type "data" and subtype "spiffs": http://192.168.4.1/partition?label=spiffs&type=1&subtype=130
+  // - Download the partition with subtype "nvs": http://192.168.4.1/partition?type=1&subtype=2
+  //
+  // "type" and "subtype" IDs can be found in esp_partition.h header file.
+  //
+  // Add "&raw=false" parameter to download the partition unencrypted (for encrypted partitions).
+  // By default, the raw partition is downloaded, so if a partition is encrypted, the encrypted data will be downloaded.
+  //
+  // To browse a downloaded LittleFS partition, you can use https://tniessen.github.io/littlefs-disk-img-viewer/ (block size is 4096)
+  //
+  server.on("/partition", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    const AsyncWebParameter *pLabel = request->getParam("label");
+    const AsyncWebParameter *pType = request->getParam("type");
+    const AsyncWebParameter *pSubtype = request->getParam("subtype");
+    const AsyncWebParameter *pRaw = request->getParam("raw");
+
+    if (!pLabel && !pType && !pSubtype) {
+      request->send(400, "text/plain", "Bad request: missing parameter");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    esp_partition_type_t type = ESP_PARTITION_TYPE_ANY;
+    esp_partition_subtype_t subtype = ESP_PARTITION_SUBTYPE_ANY;
+    const char *label = nullptr;
+    bool raw = true;
+
+    if (pLabel) {
+      label = pLabel->value().c_str();
+    }
+
+    if (pType) {
+      type = (esp_partition_type_t)pType->value().toInt();
+    }
+
+    if (pSubtype) {
+      subtype = (esp_partition_subtype_t)pSubtype->value().toInt();
+    }
+
+    if (pRaw && pRaw->value() == "false") {
+      raw = false;
+    }
+
+    const esp_partition_t *partition = esp_partition_find_first(type, subtype, label);
+
+    if (!partition) {
+      request->send(404, "text/plain", "Partition not found");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    AsyncWebServerResponse *response =
+      request->beginChunkedResponse("application/octet-stream", [partition, raw](uint8_t *buffer, size_t maxLen, size_t index) -> size_t {
+        const size_t remaining = partition->size - index;
+        if (!remaining) {
+          return 0;
+        }
+        const size_t len = std::min(maxLen, remaining);
+        if (raw && esp_partition_read_raw(partition, index, buffer, len) == ESP_OK) {
+          return len;
+        }
+        if (!raw && esp_partition_read(partition, index, buffer, len) == ESP_OK) {
+          return len;
+        }
+        return 0;
+      });
+
+    response->addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=" + String(partition->label) + ".bin");
+    response->setContentLength(partition->size);
+
+    request->send(response);
+  });
+
+  server.begin();
+}
+
+void loop() {
+  delay(100);
+}
+
+#endif

examples/PerfTests/PerfTests.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// Perf tests
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#ifdef ESP32
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#elif defined(ESP8266)
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+
+static const char *htmlContent PROGMEM = R"(
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+    <title>Sample HTML</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <h1>Hello, World!</h1>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+</body>
+</html>
+)";
+
+static const size_t htmlContentLength = strlen_P(htmlContent);
+static constexpr char characters[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
+static size_t charactersIndex = 0;
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+static AsyncEventSource events("/events");
+
+static volatile size_t requests = 0;
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
+  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
+#endif
+
+  // Pauses in the request parsing phase
+  //
+  // autocannon -c 32 -w 32 -a 96 -t 30 --renderStatusCodes -m POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -b '{"foo": "bar"}' http://192.168.4.1/delay
+  //
+  // curl -v -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"game": "test"}' http://192.168.4.1/delay
+  //
+  server.onNotFound([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    requests++;
+    if (request->url() == "/delay") {
+      request->send(200, "application/json", "{\"status\":\"OK\"}");
+    } else {
+      request->send(404, "text/plain", "Not found");
+    }
+  });
+  server.onRequestBody([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, uint8_t *data, size_t len, size_t index, size_t total) {
+    if (request->url() == "/delay") {
+      delay(3000);
+    }
+  });
+
+  // HTTP endpoint
+  //
+  // > brew install autocannon
+  // > autocannon -c 10 -w 10 -d 20 http://192.168.4.1
+  // > autocannon -c 16 -w 16 -d 20 http://192.168.4.1
+  //
+  server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    // need to cast to uint8_t*
+    // if you do not, the const char* will be copied in a temporary String buffer
+    requests++;
+    request->send(200, "text/html", (uint8_t *)htmlContent, htmlContentLength);
+  });
+
+  // IMPORTANT - DO NOT WRITE SUCH CODE IN PRODUCTON !
+  //
+  // This example simulates the slowdown that can happen when:
+  // - downloading a huge file from sdcard
+  // - doing some file listing on SDCard because it is horribly slow to get a file listing with file stats on SDCard.
+  // So in both cases, ESP would deadlock or TWDT would trigger.
+  //
+  // This example simulats that by slowing down the chunk callback:
+  // - d=2000 is the delay in ms in the callback
+  // - l=10000 is the length of the response
+  //
+  // time curl -N -v -G -d 'd=2000' -d 'l=10000'  http://192.168.4.1/slow.html --output -
+  //
+  server.on("/slow.html", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    requests++;
+    uint32_t d = request->getParam("d")->value().toInt();
+    uint32_t l = request->getParam("l")->value().toInt();
+    Serial.printf("d = %" PRIu32 ", l = %" PRIu32 "\n", d, l);
+    AsyncWebServerResponse *response = request->beginChunkedResponse("text/html", [d, l](uint8_t *buffer, size_t maxLen, size_t index) -> size_t {
+      Serial.printf("%u\n", index);
+      // finished ?
+      if (index >= l) {
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      // slow down the task to simulate some heavy processing, like SD card reading
+      delay(d);
+
+      memset(buffer, characters[charactersIndex], 256);
+      charactersIndex = (charactersIndex + 1) % sizeof(characters);
+      return 256;
+    });
+
+    request->send(response);
+  });
+
+  // SSS endpoint
+  //
+  // launch 16 concurrent workers for 30 seconds
+  // > for i in {1..10}; do ( count=$(gtimeout 30 curl -s -N -H "Accept: text/event-stream" http://192.168.4.1/events 2>&1 | grep -c "^data:"); echo "Total: $count events, $(echo "$count / 4" | bc -l) events / second" ) & done;
+  // > for i in {1..16}; do ( count=$(gtimeout 30 curl -s -N -H "Accept: text/event-stream" http://192.168.4.1/events 2>&1 | grep -c "^data:"); echo "Total: $count events, $(echo "$count / 4" | bc -l) events / second" ) & done;
+  //
+  // With AsyncTCP, with 16 workers: a lot of "Event message queue overflow: discard message", no crash
+  //
+  // Total: 1711 events, 427.75 events / second
+  // Total: 1711 events, 427.75 events / second
+  // Total: 1626 events, 406.50 events / second
+  // Total: 1562 events, 390.50 events / second
+  // Total: 1706 events, 426.50 events / second
+  // Total: 1659 events, 414.75 events / second
+  // Total: 1624 events, 406.00 events / second
+  // Total: 1706 events, 426.50 events / second
+  // Total: 1487 events, 371.75 events / second
+  // Total: 1573 events, 393.25 events / second
+  // Total: 1569 events, 392.25 events / second
+  // Total: 1559 events, 389.75 events / second
+  // Total: 1560 events, 390.00 events / second
+  // Total: 1562 events, 390.50 events / second
+  // Total: 1626 events, 406.50 events / second
+  //
+  // With AsyncTCP, with 10 workers:
+  //
+  // Total: 2038 events, 509.50 events / second
+  // Total: 2120 events, 530.00 events / second
+  // Total: 2119 events, 529.75 events / second
+  // Total: 2038 events, 509.50 events / second
+  // Total: 2037 events, 509.25 events / second
+  // Total: 2119 events, 529.75 events / second
+  // Total: 2119 events, 529.75 events / second
+  // Total: 2120 events, 530.00 events / second
+  // Total: 2038 events, 509.50 events / second
+  // Total: 2038 events, 509.50 events / second
+  //
+  // With AsyncTCPSock, with 16 workers: ESP32 CRASH !!!
+  //
+  // With AsyncTCPSock, with 10 workers:
+  //
+  // Total: 1242 events, 310.50 events / second
+  // Total: 1242 events, 310.50 events / second
+  // Total: 1242 events, 310.50 events / second
+  // Total: 1242 events, 310.50 events / second
+  // Total: 1181 events, 295.25 events / second
+  // Total: 1182 events, 295.50 events / second
+  // Total: 1240 events, 310.00 events / second
+  // Total: 1181 events, 295.25 events / second
+  // Total: 1181 events, 295.25 events / second
+  // Total: 1183 events, 295.75 events / second
+  //
+  server.addHandler(&events);
+
+  server.begin();
+}
+
+static uint32_t lastSSE = 0;
+static uint32_t deltaSSE = 10;
+
+static uint32_t lastHeap = 0;
+
+void loop() {
+  uint32_t now = millis();
+  if (now - lastSSE >= deltaSSE) {
+    events.send(String("ping-") + now, "heartbeat", now);
+    lastSSE = millis();
+  }
+
+#ifdef ESP32
+  if (now - lastHeap >= 2000) {
+    Serial.printf("Uptime: %3lu s, requests: %3u, Free heap: %" PRIu32 "\n", millis() / 1000, requests, ESP.getFreeHeap());
+    lastHeap = now;
+  }
+#endif
+}

examples/RateLimit/RateLimit.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// Show how to rate limit the server or some endpoints
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#ifdef ESP32
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#elif defined(ESP8266)
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+static AsyncRateLimitMiddleware rateLimit;
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
+  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
+#endif
+
+  // maximum 5 requests per 10 seconds
+  rateLimit.setMaxRequests(5);
+  rateLimit.setWindowSize(10);
+
+  // run quickly several times:
+  //
+  // curl -v http://192.168.4.1/
+  //
+  server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
+  });
+
+  // run quickly several times:
+  //
+  // curl -v http://192.168.4.1/rate-limited
+  //
+  server
+    .on(
+      "/rate-limited", HTTP_GET,
+      [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+        request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
+      }
+    )
+    .addMiddleware(&rateLimit);  // only rate limit this endpoint, but could be applied globally to the server
+
+  server.begin();
+}
+
+// not needed
+void loop() {
+  delay(100);
+}

examples/Redirect/Redirect.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// Shows how to redirect
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#ifdef ESP32
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#elif defined(ESP8266)
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
+  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
+#endif
+
+  // curl -v http://192.168.4.1/
+  server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    request->redirect("/index.txt");
+  });
+
+  // curl -v http://192.168.4.1/index.txt
+  server.on("/index.txt", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
+  });
+
+  server.begin();
+}
+
+// not needed
+void loop() {
+  delay(100);
+}

examples/RequestContinuation/RequestContinuation.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// Shows how to use request continuation to pause a request for a long processing task, and be able to resume it later.
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#ifdef ESP32
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#elif defined(ESP8266)
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+#include <list>
+#include <mutex>
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+
+// request handler that is saved from the paused request to communicate with Serial
+static String message;
+static AsyncWebServerRequestPtr serialRequest;
+
+// request handler that is saved from the paused request to communicate with GPIO
+static uint8_t pin = 35;
+static AsyncWebServerRequestPtr gpioRequest;
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
+  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
+#endif
+
+  // Post a message that will be sent to the Serial console, and pause the request until the user types a key
+  //
+  // curl -v -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded" -d "question=Name%3F%20" http://192.168.4.1/serial
+  //
+  // curl output should show "Answer: [y/n]" as the response
+  server.on("/serial", HTTP_POST, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    message = request->getParam("question", true)->value();
+    serialRequest = request->pause();
+  });
+
+  // Wait for a GPIO to be high
+  //
+  // curl -v http://192.168.4.1/gpio
+  //
+  // curl output should show "GPIO is high!" as the response
+  server.on("/gpio", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    gpioRequest = request->pause();
+  });
+
+  pinMode(pin, INPUT);
+
+  server.begin();
+}
+
+void loop() {
+  delay(500);
+
+  // Check for a high voltage on the RX1 pin
+  if (digitalRead(pin) == HIGH) {
+    if (auto request = gpioRequest.lock()) {
+      request->send(200, "text/plain", "GPIO is high!");
+    }
+  }
+
+  // check for an incoming message from the Serial console
+  if (message.length()) {
+    Serial.printf("%s", message.c_str());
+    // drops buffer
+    while (Serial.available()) {
+      Serial.read();
+    }
+    Serial.setTimeout(10000);
+    String response = Serial.readStringUntil('\n');  // waits for a key to be pressed
+    Serial.println();
+    message = emptyString;
+    if (auto request = serialRequest.lock()) {
+      request->send(200, "text/plain", "Answer: " + response);
+    }
+  }
+}

examples/RequestContinuationComplete/RequestContinuationComplete.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// Shows how to use request continuation to pause a request for a long processing task, and be able to resume it later.
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#ifdef ESP32
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#elif defined(ESP8266)
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+
+#include <list>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+
+// ===============================================================
+// The code below is used to simulate some long running operations
+// ===============================================================
+
+typedef struct {
+  size_t id;
+  AsyncWebServerRequestPtr requestPtr;
+  uint8_t data;
+} LongRunningOperation;
+
+static std::list<std::unique_ptr<LongRunningOperation>> longRunningOperations;
+static size_t longRunningOperationsCount = 0;
+#ifdef ESP32
+static std::mutex longRunningOperationsMutex;
+#endif
+
+static void startLongRunningOperation(AsyncWebServerRequestPtr &&requestPtr) {
+#ifdef ESP32
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(longRunningOperationsMutex);
+#endif
+
+  // LongRunningOperation *op = new LongRunningOperation();
+  std::unique_ptr<LongRunningOperation> op(new LongRunningOperation());
+  op->id = ++longRunningOperationsCount;
+  op->data = 10;
+
+  // you need to hold the AsyncWebServerRequestPtr returned by pause();
+  // This object is authorized to leave the scope of the request handler.
+  op->requestPtr = std::move(requestPtr);
+
+  Serial.printf("[%u] Start long running operation for %" PRIu8 " seconds...\n", op->id, op->data);
+  longRunningOperations.push_back(std::move(op));
+}
+
+static bool processLongRunningOperation(LongRunningOperation *op) {
+  // request was deleted ?
+  if (op->requestPtr.expired()) {
+    Serial.printf("[%u] Request was deleted - stopping long running operation\n", op->id);
+    return true;  // operation finished
+  }
+
+  // processing the operation
+  Serial.printf("[%u] Long running operation processing... %" PRIu8 " seconds left\n", op->id, op->data);
+
+  // check if we have finished ?
+  op->data--;
+  if (op->data) {
+    // not finished yet
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Try to get access to the request pointer if it is still exist.
+  // If there has been a disconnection during that time, the pointer won't be valid anymore
+  if (auto request = op->requestPtr.lock()) {
+    Serial.printf("[%u] Long running operation finished! Sending back response...\n", op->id);
+    request->send(200, "text/plain", String(op->id) + " ");
+
+  } else {
+    Serial.printf("[%u] Long running operation finished, but request was deleted!\n", op->id);
+  }
+
+  return true;  // operation finished
+}
+
+/// ==========================================================
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
+  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
+#endif
+
+  // Add a middleware to see how pausing a request affects the middleware chain
+  server.addMiddleware([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ArMiddlewareNext next) {
+    Serial.printf("Middleware chain start\n");
+
+    // continue to the next middleware, and at the end the request handler
+    next();
+
+    // we can check the request pause state after the handler was executed
+    if (request->isPaused()) {
+      Serial.printf("Request was paused!\n");
+    }
+
+    Serial.printf("Middleware chain ends\n");
+  });
+
+  // HOW TO RUN THIS EXAMPLE:
+  //
+  // 1. Open several terminals to trigger some requests concurrently that will be paused with:
+  //    > time curl -v http://192.168.4.1/
+  //
+  // 2. Look at the output of the Serial console to see how the middleware chain is executed
+  //    and to see the long running operations being processed and resume the requests.
+  //
+  // 3. You can try close your curl command to cancel the request and check that the request is deleted.
+  //    Note: in case the network is disconnected, the request will be deleted.
+  //
+  server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    // Print a message in case the request is disconnected (network disconnection, client close, etc.)
+    request->onDisconnect([]() {
+      Serial.printf("Request was disconnected!\n");
+    });
+
+    // Instruct ESPAsyncWebServer to pause the request and get a AsyncWebServerRequestPtr to be able to access the request later.
+    // The AsyncWebServerRequestPtr is the ONLY object authorized to leave the scope of the request handler.
+    // The Middleware chain will continue to run until the end after this handler exit, but the request will be paused and will not
+    // be sent to the client until send() is called later.
+    Serial.printf("Pausing request...\n");
+    AsyncWebServerRequestPtr requestPtr = request->pause();
+
+    // start our long operation...
+    startLongRunningOperation(std::move(requestPtr));
+  });
+
+  server.begin();
+}
+
+static uint32_t lastTime = 0;
+
+void loop() {
+  if (millis() - lastTime >= 1000) {
+
+#ifdef ESP32
+    Serial.printf("Free heap: %" PRIu32 "\n", ESP.getFreeHeap());
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(longRunningOperationsMutex);
+#endif
+
+    // process all long running operations
+    longRunningOperations.remove_if([](const std::unique_ptr<LongRunningOperation> &op) {
+      return processLongRunningOperation(op.get());
+    });
+
+    lastTime = millis();
+  }
+}

examples/ResumableDownload/ResumableDownload.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// Make sure resumable downloads can be implemented (HEAD request / response and Range header)
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#ifdef ESP32
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#elif defined(ESP8266)
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
+  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
+#endif
+
+  /*
+    ❯ curl -I -X HEAD http://192.168.4.1/download
+    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+    Content-Length: 1024
+    Content-Type: application/octet-stream
+    Connection: close
+    Accept-Ranges: bytes
+  */
+  // Ref: https://github.com/mathieucarbou/ESPAsyncWebServer/pull/80
+  server.on("/download", HTTP_HEAD | HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    if (request->method() == HTTP_HEAD) {
+      AsyncWebServerResponse *response = request->beginResponse(200, "application/octet-stream");
+      response->addHeader(asyncsrv::T_Accept_Ranges, "bytes");
+      response->addHeader(asyncsrv::T_Content_Length, 10);
+      response->setContentLength(1024);  // make sure we can overrides previously set content length
+      response->addHeader(asyncsrv::T_Content_Type, "foo");
+      response->setContentType("application/octet-stream");  // make sure we can overrides previously set content type
+      // ...
+      request->send(response);
+    } else {
+      // ...
+    }
+  });
+
+  server.begin();
+}
+
+void loop() {
+  delay(100);
+}

examples/Rewrite/Rewrite.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// Shows how to rewrite URLs
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#ifdef ESP32
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#elif defined(ESP8266)
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
+  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
+#endif
+
+  // curl -v http://192.168.4.1/index.txt
+  server.on("/index.txt", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
+  });
+
+  // curl -v http://192.168.4.1/index.txt
+  server.on("/index.html", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    request->send(200, "text/html", "<h1>Hello, world!</h1>");
+  });
+
+  // curl -v http://192.168.4.1/
+  server.rewrite("/", "/index.html");
+  server.rewrite("/index.txt", "/index.html");  // will hide the .txt file
+
+  server.begin();
+}
+
+// not needed
+void loop() {
+  delay(100);
+}

examples/SSE_perftest/SSE_perftest.ino

@@ -1,257 +0,0 @@
-//
-//  SSE server with a load generator
-//  it will auto adjust message push rate to minimize discards across all connected clients
-//  per second stats is printed to a serial console and also published as SSE ping message
-//  open /sse URL to start events generator
-
-#include <Arduino.h>
-#ifdef ESP32
-  #include <AsyncTCP.h>
-  #include <WiFi.h>
-#elif defined(ESP8266)
-  #include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
-  #include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
-#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040)
-  #include <WebServer.h>
-  #include <WiFi.h>
-#endif
-
-#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
-
-#if __has_include("ArduinoJson.h")
-  #include <ArduinoJson.h>
-  #include <AsyncJson.h>
-  #include <AsyncMessagePack.h>
-#endif
-
-#include <LittleFS.h>
-
-const char* htmlContent PROGMEM = R"(
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-<html>
-<head>
-    <title>Sample HTML</title>
-</head>
-<body>
-    <h1>Hello, World!</h1>
-    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
-    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
-    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
-    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
-    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
-    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
-    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
-    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
-    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
-    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
-    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
-    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
-    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
-    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
-    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
-    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
-    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
-    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
-    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
-    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
-    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
-    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
-    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
-    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
-    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
-    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
-    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
-    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
-    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
-    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
-    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
-    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
-    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
-    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
-    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
-    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
-    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
-    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
-    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
-    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
-    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
-    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
-    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
-    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
-    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
-    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
-    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
-    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
-</body>
-</html>
-)";
-
-const char* staticContent PROGMEM = R"(
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-<html>
-<head>
-    <title>Sample HTML</title>
-</head>
-<body>
-    <h1>Hello, %IP%</h1>
-</body>
-</html>
-)";
-
-AsyncWebServer server(80);
-AsyncEventSource events("/events");
-
-/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-const char* PARAM_MESSAGE PROGMEM = "message";
-const char* SSE_HTLM PROGMEM = R"(
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-<html>
-<head>
-  <title>Server-Sent Events</title>
-  <script>
-    if (!!window.EventSource) {
-      var source = new EventSource('/events');
-      source.addEventListener('open', function(e) {
-        console.log("Events Connected");
-      }, false);
-      source.addEventListener('error', function(e) {
-        if (e.target.readyState != EventSource.OPEN) {
-          console.log("Events Disconnected");
-        }
-      }, false);
-      source.addEventListener('message', function(e) {
-        console.log("message", e);
-      }, false);
-      source.addEventListener('heartbeat', function(e) {
-        console.log("heartbeat", e.data);
-      }, false);
-    }
-  </script>
-</head>
-<body>
-  <h1>Open your browser console!</h1>
-</body>
-</html>
-)";
-
-static const char* SSE_MSG = R"(Alice felt that this could not be denied, so she tried another question. 'What sort of people live about here?' 'In THAT direction,' the Cat said, waving its right paw round, 'lives a Hatter: and in THAT direction,' waving the other paw, 'lives a March Hare. Visit either you like: they're both mad.'
-'But I don't want to go among mad people,' Alice remarked. 'Oh, you can't help that,' said the Cat: 'we're all mad here. I'm mad. You're mad.' 'How do you know I'm mad?' said Alice.
-'You must be,' said the Cat, `or you wouldn't have come here.' Alice didn't think that proved it at all; however, she went on 'And how do you know that you're mad?' 'To begin with,' said the Cat, 'a dog's not mad. You grant that?'
-)";
-
-void notFound(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-  request->send(404, "text/plain", "Not found");
-}
-
-static const char characters[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
-static size_t charactersIndex = 0;
-
-void setup() {
-
-  Serial.begin(115200);
-
-#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
-  /*
-     WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
-     WiFi.begin("SSID", "passwd");
-     if (WiFi.waitForConnectResult() != WL_CONNECTED) {
-       Serial.printf("WiFi Failed!\n");
-       return;
-     }
-     Serial.print("IP Address: ");
-     Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
-  */
-
-  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
-  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
-#endif
-
-  server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-    request->send(200, "text/html", staticContent);
-  });
-
-  events.onConnect([](AsyncEventSourceClient* client) {
-    if (client->lastId()) {
-      Serial.printf("SSE Client reconnected! Last message ID that it gat is: %" PRIu32 "\n", client->lastId());
-    }
-    client->send("hello!", NULL, millis(), 1000);
-  });
-
-  server.on("/sse", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-    request->send(200, "text/html", SSE_HTLM);
-  });
-
-  // go to http://192.168.4.1/sse
-  server.addHandler(&events);
-
-  server.onNotFound(notFound);
-
-  server.begin();
-}
-
-uint32_t lastSSE = 0;
-uint32_t deltaSSE = 25;
-uint32_t messagesSSE = 4; // how many messages to q each time
-uint32_t sse_disc{0}, sse_enq{0}, sse_penq{0}, sse_second{0};
-
-AsyncEventSource::SendStatus enqueue() {
-  AsyncEventSource::SendStatus state = events.send(SSE_MSG, "message");
-  if (state == AsyncEventSource::SendStatus::DISCARDED)
-    ++sse_disc;
-  else if (state == AsyncEventSource::SendStatus::ENQUEUED) {
-    ++sse_enq;
-  } else
-    ++sse_penq;
-
-  return state;
-}
-
-void loop() {
-  uint32_t now = millis();
-  if (now - lastSSE >= deltaSSE) {
-    // enqueue messages
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i != messagesSSE; ++i) {
-      auto err = enqueue();
-      if (err == AsyncEventSource::SendStatus::DISCARDED || err == AsyncEventSource::SendStatus::PARTIALLY_ENQUEUED) {
-        // throttle messaging a bit
-        lastSSE = now + deltaSSE;
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-
-    lastSSE = millis();
-  }
-
-  if (now - sse_second > 1000) {
-    String s;
-    s.reserve(100);
-    s = "Ping:";
-    s += now / 1000;
-    s += " clients:";
-    s += events.count();
-    s += " disc:";
-    s += sse_disc;
-    s += " enq:";
-    s += sse_enq;
-    s += " partial:";
-    s += sse_penq;
-    s += " avg wait:";
-    s += events.avgPacketsWaiting();
-    s += " heap:";
-    s += ESP.getFreeHeap() / 1024;
-
-    events.send(s, "heartbeat", now);
-    Serial.println();
-    Serial.println(s);
-
-    // if we see discards or partial enqueues, let's decrease message rate, else - increase. So that we can come to a max sustained message rate
-    if (sse_disc || sse_penq)
-      ++deltaSSE;
-    else if (deltaSSE > 5)
-      --deltaSSE;
-
-    sse_disc = sse_enq = sse_penq = 0;
-    sse_second = now;
-  }
-}

examples/ServerSentEvents/ServerSentEvents.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// SSE example
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#ifdef ESP32
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#elif defined(ESP8266)
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+
+static const char *htmlContent PROGMEM = R"(
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+  <title>Server-Sent Events</title>
+  <script>
+    if (!!window.EventSource) {
+      var source = new EventSource('/events');
+      source.addEventListener('open', function(e) {
+        console.log("Events Connected");
+      }, false);
+      source.addEventListener('error', function(e) {
+        if (e.target.readyState != EventSource.OPEN) {
+          console.log("Events Disconnected");
+        }
+      }, false);
+      source.addEventListener('message', function(e) {
+        console.log("message", e.data);
+      }, false);
+      source.addEventListener('heartbeat', function(e) {
+        console.log("heartbeat", e.data);
+      }, false);
+    }
+  </script>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <h1>Open your browser console!</h1>
+</body>
+</html>
+)";
+
+static const size_t htmlContentLength = strlen_P(htmlContent);
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+static AsyncEventSource events("/events");
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
+  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
+#endif
+
+  // curl -v http://192.168.4.1/
+  server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    // need to cast to uint8_t*
+    // if you do not, the const char* will be copied in a temporary String buffer
+    request->send(200, "text/html", (uint8_t *)htmlContent, htmlContentLength);
+  });
+
+  events.onConnect([](AsyncEventSourceClient *client) {
+    Serial.printf("SSE Client connected! ID: %" PRIu32 "\n", client->lastId());
+    client->send("hello!", NULL, millis(), 1000);
+  });
+
+  events.onDisconnect([](AsyncEventSourceClient *client) {
+    Serial.printf("SSE Client disconnected! ID: %" PRIu32 "\n", client->lastId());
+  });
+
+  server.addHandler(&events);
+
+  server.begin();
+}
+
+static uint32_t lastSSE = 0;
+static uint32_t deltaSSE = 3000;
+
+static uint32_t lastHeap = 0;
+
+void loop() {
+  uint32_t now = millis();
+  if (now - lastSSE >= deltaSSE) {
+    events.send(String("ping-") + now, "heartbeat", now);
+    lastSSE = millis();
+  }
+
+#ifdef ESP32
+  if (now - lastHeap >= 2000) {
+    Serial.printf("Free heap: %" PRIu32 "\n", ESP.getFreeHeap());
+    lastHeap = now;
+  }
+#endif
+}

examples/SimpleServer/SimpleServer.ino

@@ -1,794 +0,0 @@
-//
-// A simple server implementation showing how to:
-//  * serve static messages
-//  * read GET and POST parameters
-//  * handle missing pages / 404s
-//
-
-#include <Arduino.h>
-#ifdef ESP32
-  #include <AsyncTCP.h>
-  #include <WiFi.h>
-#elif defined(ESP8266)
-  #include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
-  #include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
-#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040)
-  #include <WebServer.h>
-  #include <WiFi.h>
-#endif
-
-#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
-
-#if __has_include("ArduinoJson.h")
-  #include <ArduinoJson.h>
-  #include <AsyncJson.h>
-  #include <AsyncMessagePack.h>
-#endif
-
-#include <LittleFS.h>
-
-const char* htmlContent PROGMEM = R"(
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-<html>
-<head>
-    <title>Sample HTML</title>
-</head>
-<body>
-    <h1>Hello, World!</h1>
-    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
-    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
-    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
-    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
-    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
-    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
-    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
-    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
-    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
-    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
-    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
-    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
-    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
-    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
-    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
-    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
-    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
-    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
-    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
-    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
-    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
-    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
-    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
-    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
-    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
-    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
-    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
-    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
-    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
-    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
-    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
-    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
-    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
-    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
-    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
-    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
-    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
-    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
-    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
-    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
-    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
-    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
-    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
-    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
-    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
-    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
-    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
-    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
-</body>
-</html>
-)";
-
-const size_t htmlContentLength = strlen_P(htmlContent);
-
-const char* staticContent PROGMEM = R"(
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-<html>
-<head>
-    <title>Sample HTML</title>
-</head>
-<body>
-    <h1>Hello, %IP%</h1>
-</body>
-</html>
-)";
-
-AsyncWebServer server(80);
-AsyncEventSource events("/events");
-AsyncWebSocket ws("/ws");
-
-/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// Middlewares
-/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-// log incoming requests
-AsyncLoggingMiddleware requestLogger;
-
-// CORS
-AsyncCorsMiddleware cors;
-
-// maximum 5 requests per 10 seconds
-AsyncRateLimitMiddleware rateLimit;
-
-// filter out specific headers from the incoming request
-AsyncHeaderFilterMiddleware headerFilter;
-
-// remove all headers from the incoming request except the ones provided in the constructor
-AsyncHeaderFreeMiddleware headerFree;
-
-// basicAuth
-AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware basicAuth;
-AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware basicAuthHash;
-
-// simple digest authentication
-AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware digestAuth;
-AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware digestAuthHash;
-
-// complex authentication which adds request attributes for the next middlewares and handler
-AsyncMiddlewareFunction complexAuth([](AsyncWebServerRequest* request, ArMiddlewareNext next) {
-  if (!request->authenticate("user", "password")) {
-    return request->requestAuthentication();
-  }
-  request->setAttribute("user", "Mathieu");
-  request->setAttribute("role", "staff");
-
-  next();
-
-  request->getResponse()->addHeader("X-Rate-Limit", "200");
-});
-
-AsyncAuthorizationMiddleware authz([](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) { return request->getAttribute("role") == "staff"; });
-
-int wsClients = 0;
-
-/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-const char* PARAM_MESSAGE PROGMEM = "message";
-const char* SSE_HTLM PROGMEM = R"(
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-<html>
-<head>
-  <title>Server-Sent Events</title>
-  <script>
-    if (!!window.EventSource) {
-      var source = new EventSource('/events');
-      source.addEventListener('open', function(e) {
-        console.log("Events Connected");
-      }, false);
-      source.addEventListener('error', function(e) {
-        if (e.target.readyState != EventSource.OPEN) {
-          console.log("Events Disconnected");
-        }
-      }, false);
-      source.addEventListener('message', function(e) {
-        console.log("message", e.data);
-      }, false);
-      source.addEventListener('heartbeat', function(e) {
-        console.log("heartbeat", e.data);
-      }, false);
-    }
-  </script>
-</head>
-<body>
-  <h1>Open your browser console!</h1>
-</body>
-</html>
-)";
-
-void notFound(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-  request->send(404, "text/plain", "Not found");
-}
-
-#if __has_include("ArduinoJson.h")
-AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler* jsonHandler = new AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler("/json2");
-AsyncCallbackMessagePackWebHandler* msgPackHandler = new AsyncCallbackMessagePackWebHandler("/msgpack2");
-#endif
-
-static const char characters[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
-static size_t charactersIndex = 0;
-
-void setup() {
-
-  Serial.begin(115200);
-
-#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
-  // WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
-  // WiFi.begin("YOUR_SSID", "YOUR_PASSWORD");
-  // if (WiFi.waitForConnectResult() != WL_CONNECTED) {
-  //   Serial.printf("WiFi Failed!\n");
-  //   return;
-  // }
-  // Serial.print("IP Address: ");
-  // Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
-
-  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
-  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
-#endif
-
-#ifdef ESP32
-  LittleFS.begin(true);
-#else
-  LittleFS.begin();
-#endif
-
-  {
-    File f = LittleFS.open("/index.txt", "w");
-    if (f) {
-      for (size_t c = 0; c < sizeof(characters); c++) {
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < 1024; i++) {
-          f.print(characters[c]);
-        }
-      }
-      f.close();
-    }
-  }
-
-  {
-    File f = LittleFS.open("/index.html", "w");
-    if (f) {
-      f.print(staticContent);
-      f.close();
-    }
-  }
-
-  // curl -v -X GET http://192.168.4.1/handler-not-sending-response
-  server.on("/handler-not-sending-response", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-    // handler forgot to send a response to the client => 501 Not Implemented
-  });
-
-  // This is possible to replace a response.
-  // the previous one will be deleted.
-  // response sending happens when the handler returns.
-  // curl -v -X GET http://192.168.4.1/replace
-  server.on("/replace", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-    request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world");
-    // oups! finally we want to send a different response
-    request->send(400, "text/plain", "validation error");
-#ifndef TARGET_RP2040
-    Serial.printf("Free heap: %" PRIu32 "\n", ESP.getFreeHeap());
-#endif
-  });
-
-  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-  // Request header manipulations
-  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-  // curl -v -X GET -H "x-remove-me: value" http://192.168.4.1/headers
-  server.on("/headers", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-    Serial.printf("Request Headers:\n");
-    for (auto& h : request->getHeaders())
-      Serial.printf("Request Header: %s = %s\n", h.name().c_str(), h.value().c_str());
-
-    // remove x-remove-me header
-    request->removeHeader("x-remove-me");
-    Serial.printf("Request Headers:\n");
-    for (auto& h : request->getHeaders())
-      Serial.printf("Request Header: %s = %s\n", h.name().c_str(), h.value().c_str());
-
-    std::vector<const char*> headers;
-    request->getHeaderNames(headers);
-    for (auto& h : headers)
-      Serial.printf("Request Header Name: %s\n", h);
-
-    request->send(200);
-  });
-
-  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-  // Middlewares at server level (will apply to all requests)
-  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-  requestLogger.setOutput(Serial);
-
-  basicAuth.setUsername("admin");
-  basicAuth.setPassword("admin");
-  basicAuth.setRealm("MyApp");
-  basicAuth.setAuthFailureMessage("Authentication failed");
-  basicAuth.setAuthType(AsyncAuthType::AUTH_BASIC);
-  basicAuth.generateHash();
-
-  basicAuthHash.setUsername("admin");
-  basicAuthHash.setPasswordHash("YWRtaW46YWRtaW4="); // BASE64(admin:admin)
-  basicAuthHash.setRealm("MyApp");
-  basicAuthHash.setAuthFailureMessage("Authentication failed");
-  basicAuthHash.setAuthType(AsyncAuthType::AUTH_BASIC);
-
-  digestAuth.setUsername("admin");
-  digestAuth.setPassword("admin");
-  digestAuth.setRealm("MyApp");
-  digestAuth.setAuthFailureMessage("Authentication failed");
-  digestAuth.setAuthType(AsyncAuthType::AUTH_DIGEST);
-  digestAuth.generateHash();
-
-  digestAuthHash.setUsername("admin");
-  digestAuthHash.setPasswordHash("f499b71f9a36d838b79268e145e132f7"); // MD5(user:realm:pass)
-  digestAuthHash.setRealm("MyApp");
-  digestAuthHash.setAuthFailureMessage("Authentication failed");
-  digestAuthHash.setAuthType(AsyncAuthType::AUTH_DIGEST);
-
-  rateLimit.setMaxRequests(5);
-  rateLimit.setWindowSize(10);
-
-  headerFilter.filter("X-Remove-Me");
-  headerFree.keep("X-Keep-Me");
-  headerFree.keep("host");
-
-  cors.setOrigin("http://192.168.4.1");
-  cors.setMethods("POST, GET, OPTIONS, DELETE");
-  cors.setHeaders("X-Custom-Header");
-  cors.setAllowCredentials(false);
-  cors.setMaxAge(600);
-
-#ifndef PERF_TEST
-  // global middleware
-  server.addMiddleware(&requestLogger);
-  server.addMiddlewares({&rateLimit, &cors, &headerFilter});
-#endif
-
-  // Test CORS preflight request
-  // curl -v -X OPTIONS -H "origin: http://192.168.4.1" http://192.168.4.1/middleware/cors
-  server.on("/middleware/cors", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-    request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
-  });
-
-  // curl -v -X GET -H "x-remove-me: value" http://192.168.4.1/middleware/test-header-filter
-  // - requestLogger will log the incoming headers (including x-remove-me)
-  // - headerFilter will remove x-remove-me header
-  // - handler will log the remaining headers
-  server.on("/middleware/test-header-filter", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-    for (auto& h : request->getHeaders())
-      Serial.printf("Request Header: %s = %s\n", h.name().c_str(), h.value().c_str());
-    request->send(200);
-  });
-
-  // curl -v -X GET -H "x-keep-me: value" http://192.168.4.1/middleware/test-header-free
-  // - requestLogger will log the incoming headers (including x-keep-me)
-  // - headerFree will remove all headers except x-keep-me and host
-  // - handler will log the remaining headers (x-keep-me and host)
-  server.on("/middleware/test-header-free", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-          for (auto& h : request->getHeaders())
-            Serial.printf("Request Header: %s = %s\n", h.name().c_str(), h.value().c_str());
-          request->send(200);
-        })
-    .addMiddleware(&headerFree);
-
-  // basic authentication method
-  // curl -v -X GET -H "origin: http://192.168.4.1" -u admin:admin  http://192.168.4.1/middleware/auth-basic
-  server.on("/middleware/auth-basic", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-          request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
-        })
-    .addMiddleware(&basicAuth);
-
-  // basic authentication method with hash
-  // curl -v -X GET -H "origin: http://192.168.4.1" -u admin:admin  http://192.168.4.1/middleware/auth-basic-hash
-  server.on("/middleware/auth-basic-hash", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-          request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
-        })
-    .addMiddleware(&basicAuthHash);
-
-  // digest authentication
-  // curl -v -X GET -H "origin: http://192.168.4.1" -u admin:admin --digest  http://192.168.4.1/middleware/auth-digest
-  server.on("/middleware/auth-digest", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-          request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
-        })
-    .addMiddleware(&digestAuth);
-
-  // digest authentication with hash
-  // curl -v -X GET -H "origin: http://192.168.4.1" -u admin:admin --digest  http://192.168.4.1/middleware/auth-digest-hash
-  server.on("/middleware/auth-digest-hash", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-          request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
-        })
-    .addMiddleware(&digestAuthHash);
-
-  // test digest auth with cors
-  // curl -v -X GET -H "origin: http://192.168.4.1" --digest -u user:password  http://192.168.4.1/middleware/auth-custom
-  server.on("/middleware/auth-custom", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-          String buffer = "Hello ";
-          buffer.concat(request->getAttribute("user"));
-          buffer.concat(" with role: ");
-          buffer.concat(request->getAttribute("role"));
-          request->send(200, "text/plain", buffer);
-        })
-    .addMiddlewares({&complexAuth, &authz});
-
-  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-  // curl -v -X GET -H "origin: http://192.168.4.1" http://192.168.4.1/redirect
-  // curl -v -X POST -H "origin: http://192.168.4.1" http://192.168.4.1/redirect
-  server.on("/redirect", HTTP_GET | HTTP_POST, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-    request->redirect("/");
-  });
-
-  // PERF TEST:
-  // > brew install autocannon
-  // > autocannon -c 10 -w 10 -d 20 http://192.168.4.1
-  // > autocannon -c 16 -w 16 -d 20 http://192.168.4.1
-  server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-    request->send(200, "text/html", htmlContent);
-  });
-
-  // curl -v -X GET http://192.168.4.1/index.txt
-  server.serveStatic("/index.txt", LittleFS, "/index.txt");
-
-  // curl -v -X GET http://192.168.4.1/index-private.txt
-  server.serveStatic("/index-private.txt", LittleFS, "/index.txt").setAuthentication("admin", "admin");
-
-  // ServeStatic static is used to serve static output which never changes over time.
-  // This special endpoints automatyically adds caching headers.
-  // If a template processor is used, it must enure that the outputed content will always be the ame over time and never changes.
-  // Otherwise, do not use serveStatic.
-  // Example below: IP never changes.
-  // curl -v -X GET http://192.168.4.1/index-static.html
-  server.serveStatic("/index-static.html", LittleFS, "/index.html").setTemplateProcessor([](const String& var) -> String {
-    if (var == "IP") {
-      // for CI, commented out since H2 board doesn ot support WiFi
-      // return WiFi.localIP().toString();
-      // return WiFi.softAPIP().toString();
-      return "127.0.0..1";
-    }
-    return emptyString;
-  });
-
-  // to serve a template with dynamic content (output changes over time), use normal
-  // Example below: content changes over tinme do not use serveStatic.
-  // curl -v -X GET http://192.168.4.1/index-dynamic.html
-  server.on("/index-dynamic.html", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-    request->send(LittleFS, "/index.html", "text/html", false, [](const String& var) -> String {
-      if (var == "IP")
-        return String(random(0, 1000));
-      return emptyString;
-    });
-  });
-
-  // Issue #14: assert failed: tcp_update_rcv_ann_wnd (needs help to test fix)
-  // > curl -v http://192.168.4.1/issue-14
-  pinMode(4, OUTPUT);
-  server.on("/issue-14", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-    digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
-    request->send(LittleFS, "/index.txt", "text/pain");
-    delay(500);
-    digitalWrite(4, LOW);
-  });
-
-  /*
-    Chunked encoding test: sends 16k of characters.
-    ❯ curl -N -v -X GET -H "origin: http://192.168.4.1" http://192.168.4.1/chunk
-  */
-  server.on("/chunk", HTTP_HEAD | HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-    AsyncWebServerResponse* response = request->beginChunkedResponse("text/html", [](uint8_t* buffer, size_t maxLen, size_t index) -> size_t {
-      if (index >= 16384)
-        return 0;
-      memset(buffer, characters[charactersIndex], maxLen);
-      charactersIndex = (charactersIndex + 1) % sizeof(characters);
-      return maxLen;
-    });
-    request->send(response);
-  });
-
-  // curl -N -v -X GET http://192.168.4.1/chunked.html --output -
-  // curl -N -v -X GET -H "if-none-match: 4272" http://192.168.4.1/chunked.html --output -
-  server.on("/chunked.html", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-    String len = String(htmlContentLength);
-
-    if (request->header(asyncsrv::T_INM) == len) {
-      request->send(304);
-      return;
-    }
-
-    AsyncWebServerResponse* response = request->beginChunkedResponse("text/html", [](uint8_t* buffer, size_t maxLen, size_t index) -> size_t {
-      Serial.printf("%u / %u\n", index, htmlContentLength);
-
-      // finished ?
-      if (htmlContentLength <= index) {
-        Serial.println("finished");
-        return 0;
-      }
-
-      // serve a maximum of 1024 or maxLen bytes of the remaining content
-      const int chunkSize = min((size_t)1024, min(maxLen, htmlContentLength - index));
-      Serial.printf("sending: %u\n", chunkSize);
-
-      memcpy(buffer, htmlContent + index, chunkSize);
-
-      return chunkSize;
-    });
-
-    response->addHeader(asyncsrv::T_Cache_Control, "public,max-age=60");
-    response->addHeader(asyncsrv::T_ETag, len);
-
-    request->send(response);
-  });
-
-  // time curl -N -v -G -d 'd=3000' -d 'l=10000'  http://192.168.4.1/slow.html --output -
-  server.on("/slow.html", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-    uint32_t d = request->getParam("d")->value().toInt();
-    uint32_t l = request->getParam("l")->value().toInt();
-    Serial.printf("d = %" PRIu32 ", l = %" PRIu32 "\n", d, l);
-    AsyncWebServerResponse* response = request->beginChunkedResponse("text/html", [d, l](uint8_t* buffer, size_t maxLen, size_t index) -> size_t {
-      Serial.printf("%u\n", index);
-      // finished ?
-      if (index >= l)
-        return 0;
-
-      // slow down the task by 2 seconds
-      // to simulate some heavy processing, like SD card reading
-      delay(d);
-
-      memset(buffer, characters[charactersIndex], 256);
-      charactersIndex = (charactersIndex + 1) % sizeof(characters);
-      return 256;
-    });
-
-    request->send(response);
-  });
-
-  /*
-    ❯ curl -I -X HEAD http://192.168.4.1/download
-    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
-    Content-Length: 1024
-    Content-Type: application/octet-stream
-    Connection: close
-    Accept-Ranges: bytes
-  */
-  // Ref: https://github.com/mathieucarbou/ESPAsyncWebServer/pull/80
-  server.on("/download", HTTP_HEAD | HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-    if (request->method() == HTTP_HEAD) {
-      AsyncWebServerResponse* response = request->beginResponse(200, "application/octet-stream");
-      response->addHeader(asyncsrv::T_Accept_Ranges, "bytes");
-      response->addHeader(asyncsrv::T_Content_Length, 10);
-      response->setContentLength(1024); // overrides previous one
-      response->addHeader(asyncsrv::T_Content_Type, "foo");
-      response->setContentType("application/octet-stream"); // overrides previous one
-      // ...
-      request->send(response);
-    } else {
-      // ...
-    }
-  });
-
-  // Send a GET request to <IP>/get?message=<message>
-  server.on("/get", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-    String message;
-    if (request->hasParam(PARAM_MESSAGE)) {
-      message = request->getParam(PARAM_MESSAGE)->value();
-    } else {
-      message = "No message sent";
-    }
-    request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, GET: " + message);
-  });
-
-  // Send a POST request to <IP>/post with a form field message set to <message>
-  server.on("/post", HTTP_POST, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-    String message;
-    if (request->hasParam(PARAM_MESSAGE, true)) {
-      message = request->getParam(PARAM_MESSAGE, true)->value();
-    } else {
-      message = "No message sent";
-    }
-    request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, POST: " + message);
-  });
-
-#if __has_include("ArduinoJson.h")
-  // JSON
-
-  // sends JSON
-  // curl -v -X GET http://192.168.4.1/json1
-  server.on("/json1", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-    AsyncJsonResponse* response = new AsyncJsonResponse();
-    JsonObject root = response->getRoot().to<JsonObject>();
-    root["hello"] = "world";
-    response->setLength();
-    request->send(response);
-  });
-
-  // curl -v -X GET http://192.168.4.1/json2
-  server.on("/json2", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-    AsyncResponseStream* response = request->beginResponseStream("application/json");
-    JsonDocument doc;
-    JsonObject root = doc.to<JsonObject>();
-    root["foo"] = "bar";
-    serializeJson(root, *response);
-    request->send(response);
-  });
-
-  // curl -v -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"name":"You"}' http://192.168.4.1/json2
-  // curl -v -X PUT -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"name":"You"}' http://192.168.4.1/json2
-  jsonHandler->setMethod(HTTP_POST | HTTP_PUT);
-  jsonHandler->onRequest([](AsyncWebServerRequest* request, JsonVariant& json) {
-    serializeJson(json, Serial);
-    AsyncJsonResponse* response = new AsyncJsonResponse();
-    JsonObject root = response->getRoot().to<JsonObject>();
-    root["hello"] = json.as<JsonObject>()["name"];
-    response->setLength();
-    request->send(response);
-  });
-
-  // MessagePack
-
-  // receives MessagePack and sends MessagePack
-  msgPackHandler->onRequest([](AsyncWebServerRequest* request, JsonVariant& json) {
-    // JsonObject jsonObj = json.as<JsonObject>();
-    // ...
-
-    AsyncMessagePackResponse* response = new AsyncMessagePackResponse();
-    JsonObject root = response->getRoot().to<JsonObject>();
-    root["hello"] = "world";
-    response->setLength();
-    request->send(response);
-  });
-
-  // sends MessagePack
-  server.on("/msgpack1", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-    AsyncMessagePackResponse* response = new AsyncMessagePackResponse();
-    JsonObject root = response->getRoot().to<JsonObject>();
-    root["hello"] = "world";
-    response->setLength();
-    request->send(response);
-  });
-#endif
-
-  events.onConnect([](AsyncEventSourceClient* client) {
-    if (client->lastId()) {
-      Serial.printf("SSE Client reconnected! Last message ID that it gat is: %" PRIu32 "\n", client->lastId());
-    }
-    client->send("hello!", NULL, millis(), 1000);
-  });
-
-  server.on("/sse", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-    request->send(200, "text/html", SSE_HTLM);
-  });
-
-  ws.onEvent([](AsyncWebSocket* server, AsyncWebSocketClient* client, AwsEventType type, void* arg, uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
-    (void)len;
-    if (type == WS_EVT_CONNECT) {
-      wsClients++;
-      ws.textAll("new client connected");
-      Serial.println("ws connect");
-      client->setCloseClientOnQueueFull(false);
-      client->ping();
-    } else if (type == WS_EVT_DISCONNECT) {
-      wsClients--;
-      ws.textAll("client disconnected");
-      Serial.println("ws disconnect");
-    } else if (type == WS_EVT_ERROR) {
-      Serial.println("ws error");
-    } else if (type == WS_EVT_PONG) {
-      Serial.println("ws pong");
-    } else if (type == WS_EVT_DATA) {
-      AwsFrameInfo* info = (AwsFrameInfo*)arg;
-      String msg = "";
-      if (info->final && info->index == 0 && info->len == len) {
-        if (info->opcode == WS_TEXT) {
-          data[len] = 0;
-          Serial.printf("ws text: %s\n", (char*)data);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  });
-
-  // SSS endpoints
-  // sends a message every 10 ms
-  //
-  // go to http://192.168.4.1/sse
-  // > curl -v -N -H "Accept: text/event-stream" http://192.168.4.1/events
-  //
-  // some perf tests:
-  // launch 16 concurrent workers for 30 seconds
-  // > for i in {1..10}; do ( count=$(gtimeout 30 curl -s -N -H "Accept: text/event-stream" http://192.168.4.1/events 2>&1 | grep -c "^data:"); echo "Total: $count events, $(echo "$count / 4" | bc -l) events / second" ) & done;
-  // > for i in {1..16}; do ( count=$(gtimeout 30 curl -s -N -H "Accept: text/event-stream" http://192.168.4.1/events 2>&1 | grep -c "^data:"); echo "Total: $count events, $(echo "$count / 4" | bc -l) events / second" ) & done;
-  //
-  // With AsyncTCP, with 16 workers: a lot of "Event message queue overflow: discard message", no crash
-  //
-  // Total: 1711 events, 427.75 events / second
-  // Total: 1711 events, 427.75 events / second
-  // Total: 1626 events, 406.50 events / second
-  // Total: 1562 events, 390.50 events / second
-  // Total: 1706 events, 426.50 events / second
-  // Total: 1659 events, 414.75 events / second
-  // Total: 1624 events, 406.00 events / second
-  // Total: 1706 events, 426.50 events / second
-  // Total: 1487 events, 371.75 events / second
-  // Total: 1573 events, 393.25 events / second
-  // Total: 1569 events, 392.25 events / second
-  // Total: 1559 events, 389.75 events / second
-  // Total: 1560 events, 390.00 events / second
-  // Total: 1562 events, 390.50 events / second
-  // Total: 1626 events, 406.50 events / second
-  //
-  // With AsyncTCP, with 10 workers:
-  //
-  // Total: 2038 events, 509.50 events / second
-  // Total: 2120 events, 530.00 events / second
-  // Total: 2119 events, 529.75 events / second
-  // Total: 2038 events, 509.50 events / second
-  // Total: 2037 events, 509.25 events / second
-  // Total: 2119 events, 529.75 events / second
-  // Total: 2119 events, 529.75 events / second
-  // Total: 2120 events, 530.00 events / second
-  // Total: 2038 events, 509.50 events / second
-  // Total: 2038 events, 509.50 events / second
-  //
-  // With AsyncTCPSock, with 16 workers: ESP32 CRASH !!!
-  //
-  // With AsyncTCPSock, with 10 workers:
-  //
-  // Total: 1242 events, 310.50 events / second
-  // Total: 1242 events, 310.50 events / second
-  // Total: 1242 events, 310.50 events / second
-  // Total: 1242 events, 310.50 events / second
-  // Total: 1181 events, 295.25 events / second
-  // Total: 1182 events, 295.50 events / second
-  // Total: 1240 events, 310.00 events / second
-  // Total: 1181 events, 295.25 events / second
-  // Total: 1181 events, 295.25 events / second
-  // Total: 1183 events, 295.75 events / second
-  //
-  server.addHandler(&events);
-
-  // Run in terminal 1: websocat ws://192.168.4.1/ws => stream data
-  // Run in terminal 2: websocat ws://192.168.4.1/ws => stream data
-  // Run in terminal 3: websocat ws://192.168.4.1/ws => should fail:
-  /*
-❯  websocat ws://192.168.4.1/ws
-websocat: WebSocketError: WebSocketError: Received unexpected status code (503 Service Unavailable)
-websocat: error running
-  */
-  server.addHandler(&ws).addMiddleware([](AsyncWebServerRequest* request, ArMiddlewareNext next) {
-    if (ws.count() > 2) {
-      // too many clients - answer back immediately and stop processing next middlewares and handler
-      request->send(503, "text/plain", "Server is busy");
-    } else {
-      // process next middleware and at the end the handler
-      next();
-    }
-  });
-
-  // Reset connection on HTTP request:
-  // for i in {1..20}; do curl -v -X GET https://192.168.4.1:80; done;
-  // The heap size should not decrease over time.
-
-#if __has_include("ArduinoJson.h")
-  server.addHandler(jsonHandler);
-  server.addHandler(msgPackHandler);
-#endif
-
-  server.onNotFound(notFound);
-
-  server.begin();
-}
-
-uint32_t lastSSE = 0;
-uint32_t deltaSSE = 10;
-
-uint32_t lastWS = 0;
-uint32_t deltaWS = 100;
-
-uint32_t lastHeap = 0;
-
-void loop() {
-  uint32_t now = millis();
-  if (now - lastSSE >= deltaSSE) {
-    events.send(String("ping-") + now, "heartbeat", now);
-    lastSSE = millis();
-  }
-  if (now - lastWS >= deltaWS) {
-    ws.printfAll("kp%.4f", (10.0 / 3.0));
-    // for (auto& client : ws.getClients()) {
-    //   client.printf("kp%.4f", (10.0 / 3.0));
-    // }
-    lastWS = millis();
-  }
-#ifdef ESP32
-  if (now - lastHeap >= 2000) {
-    Serial.printf("Free heap: %" PRIu32 "\n", ESP.getFreeHeap());
-    lastHeap = now;
-  }
-#endif
-}

examples/SkipServerMiddleware/SkipServerMiddleware.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// Authentication and authorization middlewares
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#ifdef ESP32
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#elif defined(ESP8266)
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+
+static AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware basicAuth;
+static AsyncLoggingMiddleware logging;
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
+  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
+#endif
+
+  // basic authentication
+  basicAuth.setUsername("admin");
+  basicAuth.setPassword("admin");
+  basicAuth.setRealm("MyApp");
+  basicAuth.setAuthFailureMessage("Authentication failed");
+  basicAuth.setAuthType(AsyncAuthType::AUTH_BASIC);
+  basicAuth.generateHash();  // precompute hash (optional but recommended)
+
+  // logging middleware
+  logging.setEnabled(true);
+  logging.setOutput(Serial);
+
+  // we apply auth middleware to the server globally
+  server.addMiddleware(&basicAuth);
+
+  // protected endpoint: requires basic authentication
+  // curl -v -u admin:admin  http://192.168.4.1/
+  server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
+  });
+
+  // we skip all global middleware from the catchall handler
+  server.catchAllHandler().skipServerMiddlewares();
+  // we apply a specific middleware to the catchall handler only to log requests without a handler defined
+  server.catchAllHandler().addMiddleware(&logging);
+
+  // standard 404 handler: will display the request in the console i na curl-like style
+  // curl -v -H "Foo: Bar"  http://192.168.4.1/foo
+  server.onNotFound([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    request->send(404, "text/plain", "Not found");
+  });
+
+  server.begin();
+}
+
+// not needed
+void loop() {
+  delay(100);
+}

examples/SlowChunkResponse/SlowChunkResponse.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// Simulate a slow response in a chunk response (like file download from SD Card)
+// poll events will be throttled.
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#ifdef ESP32
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#elif defined(ESP8266)
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+
+static const char *htmlContent PROGMEM = R"(
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+    <title>Sample HTML</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <h1>Hello, World!</h1>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+</body>
+</html>
+)";
+
+static const size_t htmlContentLength = strlen_P(htmlContent);
+static constexpr char characters[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
+static size_t charactersIndex = 0;
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
+  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
+#endif
+
+  // curl -v http://192.168.4.1/
+  server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    // need to cast to uint8_t*
+    // if you do not, the const char* will be copied in a temporary String buffer
+    request->send(200, "text/html", (uint8_t *)htmlContent, htmlContentLength);
+  });
+
+  // IMPORTANT - DO NOT WRITE SUCH CODE IN PRODUCTON !
+  //
+  // This example simulates the slowdown that can happen when:
+  // - downloading a huge file from sdcard
+  // - doing some file listing on SDCard because it is horribly slow to get a file listing with file stats on SDCard.
+  // So in both cases, ESP would deadlock or TWDT would trigger.
+  //
+  // This example simulats that by slowing down the chunk callback:
+  // - d=2000 is the delay in ms in the callback
+  // - l=10000 is the length of the response
+  //
+  // time curl -N -v -G -d 'd=2000' -d 'l=10000'  http://192.168.4.1/slow.html --output -
+  //
+  server.on("/slow.html", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    uint32_t d = request->getParam("d")->value().toInt();
+    uint32_t l = request->getParam("l")->value().toInt();
+    Serial.printf("d = %" PRIu32 ", l = %" PRIu32 "\n", d, l);
+    AsyncWebServerResponse *response = request->beginChunkedResponse("text/html", [d, l](uint8_t *buffer, size_t maxLen, size_t index) -> size_t {
+      Serial.printf("%u\n", index);
+      // finished ?
+      if (index >= l) {
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      // slow down the task to simulate some heavy processing, like SD card reading
+      delay(d);
+
+      memset(buffer, characters[charactersIndex], 256);
+      charactersIndex = (charactersIndex + 1) % sizeof(characters);
+      return 256;
+    });
+
+    request->send(response);
+  });
+
+  server.begin();
+}
+
+static uint32_t lastHeap = 0;
+
+void loop() {
+#ifdef ESP32
+  uint32_t now = millis();
+  if (now - lastHeap >= 2000) {
+    Serial.printf("Free heap: %" PRIu32 "\n", ESP.getFreeHeap());
+    lastHeap = now;
+  }
+#endif
+}

examples/StaticFile/StaticFile.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// Shows how to serve a static file
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#ifdef ESP32
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#elif defined(ESP8266)
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+#include <LittleFS.h>
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+
+static const char *htmlContent PROGMEM = R"(
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+    <title>Sample HTML</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <h1>Hello, World!</h1>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+</body>
+</html>
+)";
+
+static const size_t htmlContentLength = strlen_P(htmlContent);
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
+  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
+#endif
+
+#ifdef ESP32
+  LittleFS.begin(true);
+#else
+  LittleFS.begin();
+#endif
+
+  {
+    File f = LittleFS.open("/index.html", "w");
+    assert(f);
+    f.print(htmlContent);
+    f.close();
+  }
+
+  // curl -v http://192.168.4.1/
+  server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    request->redirect("/index.html");
+  });
+
+  // curl -v http://192.168.4.1/index.html
+  server.serveStatic("/index.html", LittleFS, "/index.html");
+
+  server.begin();
+}
+
+// not needed
+void loop() {
+  delay(100);
+}

examples/StreamFiles/StreamConcat.h

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <Stream.h>
-
-class StreamConcat : public Stream {
-  public:
-    StreamConcat(Stream* s1, Stream* s2) : _s1(s1), _s2(s2) {}
-
-    size_t write(__unused const uint8_t* p, __unused size_t n) override { return 0; }
-    size_t write(__unused uint8_t c) override { return 0; }
-    void flush() override {}
-
-    int available() override { return _s1->available() + _s2->available(); }
-
-    int read() override {
-      int c = _s1->read();
-      return c != -1 ? c : _s2->read();
-    }
-
-#if defined(TARGET_RP2040)
-    size_t readBytes(char* buffer, size_t length) {
-#else
-    size_t readBytes(char* buffer, size_t length) override {
-#endif
-      size_t count = _s1->readBytes(buffer, length);
-      return count > 0 ? count : _s2->readBytes(buffer, length);
-    }
-
-    int peek() override {
-      int c = _s1->peek();
-      return c != -1 ? c : _s2->peek();
-    }
-
-  private:
-    Stream* _s1;
-    Stream* _s2;
-};

examples/StreamFiles/StreamFiles.ino

@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-#include <Arduino.h>
-#include <DNSServer.h>
-#ifdef ESP32
-  #include <AsyncTCP.h>
-  #include <WiFi.h>
-#elif defined(ESP8266)
-  #include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
-  #include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
-#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040)
-  #include <WebServer.h>
-  #include <WiFi.h>
-#endif
-
-#include <StreamString.h>
-#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
-#include <LittleFS.h>
-
-#include "StreamConcat.h"
-
-DNSServer dnsServer;
-AsyncWebServer server(80);
-
-void setup() {
-  Serial.begin(115200);
-
-  LittleFS.begin();
-
-#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
-  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
-  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
-
-  dnsServer.start(53, "*", WiFi.softAPIP());
-#endif
-
-  File file1 = LittleFS.open("/header.html", "w");
-  file1.print("<html><head><title>ESP Captive Portal</title><meta http-equiv=\"refresh\" content=\"1\"></head><body>");
-  file1.close();
-
-  File file2 = LittleFS.open("/body.html", "w");
-  file2.print("<h1>Welcome to ESP Captive Portal</h1>");
-  file2.close();
-
-  File file3 = LittleFS.open("/footer.html", "w");
-  file3.print("</body></html>");
-  file3.close();
-
-  server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-    File header = LittleFS.open("/header.html", "r");
-    File body = LittleFS.open("/body.html", "r");
-    StreamConcat stream1(&header, &body);
-
-    StreamString content;
-#if defined(TARGET_RP2040)
-    content.printf("FreeHeap: %d", rp2040.getFreeHeap());
-#else
-    content.printf("FreeHeap: %" PRIu32, ESP.getFreeHeap());
-#endif
-    StreamConcat stream2 = StreamConcat(&stream1, &content);
-
-    File footer = LittleFS.open("/footer.html", "r");
-    StreamConcat stream3 = StreamConcat(&stream2, &footer);
-
-    request->send(stream3, "text/html", stream3.available());
-    header.close();
-    body.close();
-    footer.close();
-  });
-
-  server.onNotFound([](AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-    request->send(404, "text/plain", "Not found");
-  });
-
-  server.begin();
-}
-
-uint32_t last = 0;
-
-void loop() {
-  // dnsServer.processNextRequest();
-
-  if (millis() - last > 2000) {
-#if defined(TARGET_RP2040)
-    Serial.printf("FreeHeap: %d", rp2040.getFreeHeap());
-#else
-    Serial.printf("FreeHeap: %" PRIu32, ESP.getFreeHeap());
-#endif
-    last = millis();
-  }
-}

examples/Templates/Templates.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// Shows how to serve a static and dynamic template
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#ifdef ESP32
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#elif defined(ESP8266)
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+#include <LittleFS.h>
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+
+static const char *htmlContent PROGMEM = R"(
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<body>
+    <h1>Hello, %USER%</h1>
+</body>
+</html>
+)";
+
+static const size_t htmlContentLength = strlen_P(htmlContent);
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
+  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
+#endif
+
+#ifdef ESP32
+  LittleFS.begin(true);
+#else
+  LittleFS.begin();
+#endif
+
+  {
+    File f = LittleFS.open("/template.html", "w");
+    assert(f);
+    f.print(htmlContent);
+    f.close();
+  }
+
+  // Serve the static template file
+  //
+  // curl -v http://192.168.4.1/template.html
+  server.serveStatic("/template.html", LittleFS, "/template.html");
+
+  // Serve the static template with a template processor
+  //
+  // ServeStatic static is used to serve static output which never changes over time.
+  // This special endpoints automatically adds caching headers.
+  // If a template processor is used, it must ensure that the outputted content will always be the same over time and never changes.
+  // Otherwise, do not use serveStatic.
+  // Example below: IP never changes.
+  //
+  // curl -v http://192.168.4.1/index.html
+  server.serveStatic("/index.html", LittleFS, "/template.html").setTemplateProcessor([](const String &var) -> String {
+    if (var == "USER") {
+      return "Bob";
+    }
+    return emptyString;
+  });
+
+  // Serve a template with dynamic content
+  //
+  // to serve a template with dynamic content (output changes over time), use normal
+  // Example below: content changes over tinme do not use serveStatic.
+  //
+  // curl -v http://192.168.4.1/dynamic.html
+  server.on("/dynamic.html", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    request->send(LittleFS, "/template.html", "text/html", false, [](const String &var) -> String {
+      if (var == "USER") {
+        return String("Bob ") + millis();
+      }
+      return emptyString;
+    });
+  });
+
+  server.begin();
+}
+
+// not needed
+void loop() {
+  delay(100);
+}

examples/Upload/Upload.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// Demo text, binary and file upload
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#ifdef ESP32
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#elif defined(ESP8266)
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+#include <StreamString.h>
+#include <LittleFS.h>
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+  if (!LittleFS.begin()) {
+    LittleFS.format();
+    LittleFS.begin();
+  }
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
+  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
+#endif
+
+  // 1. Generate a Lorem_ipsum.txt file of about 20KB of text
+  //
+  // 3. Run: curl -v -F "data=@Lorem_ipsum.txt" http://192.168.4.1/upload/text
+  //
+  server.on(
+    "/upload/text", HTTP_POST,
+    [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+      if (!request->_tempObject) {
+        return request->send(400, "text/plain", "Nothing uploaded");
+      }
+      StreamString *buffer = reinterpret_cast<StreamString *>(request->_tempObject);
+      Serial.printf("Text uploaded:\n%s\n", buffer->c_str());
+      delete buffer;
+      request->_tempObject = nullptr;
+      request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK");
+    },
+    [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, String filename, size_t index, uint8_t *data, size_t len, bool final) {
+      Serial.printf("Upload[%s]: start=%u, len=%u, final=%d\n", filename.c_str(), index, len, final);
+
+      if (!index) {
+        // first pass
+        StreamString *buffer = new StreamString();
+        size_t size = std::max(4094l, request->header("Content-Length").toInt());
+        Serial.printf("Allocating string buffer of %u bytes\n", size);
+        if (!buffer->reserve(size)) {
+          delete buffer;
+          request->abort();
+        }
+        request->_tempObject = buffer;
+      }
+
+      if (len) {
+        reinterpret_cast<StreamString *>(request->_tempObject)->write(data, len);
+      }
+    }
+  );
+
+  // 1. Generate a Lorem_ipsum.txt file of about 20KB of text
+  //
+  // 3. Run: curl -v -F "data=@Lorem_ipsum.txt" http://192.168.4.1/upload/file
+  //
+  server.on(
+    "/upload/file", HTTP_POST,
+    [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+      if (request->getResponse()) {
+        // 400 File not available for writing
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (!LittleFS.exists("/my_file.txt")) {
+        return request->send(400, "text/plain", "Nothing uploaded");
+      }
+
+      // sends back the uploaded file
+      request->send(LittleFS, "/my_file.txt", "text/plain");
+    },
+    [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, String filename, size_t index, uint8_t *data, size_t len, bool final) {
+      Serial.printf("Upload[%s]: start=%u, len=%u, final=%d\n", filename.c_str(), index, len, final);
+
+      if (!index) {
+        request->_tempFile = LittleFS.open("/my_file.txt", "w");
+
+        if (!request->_tempFile) {
+          request->send(400, "text/plain", "File not available for writing");
+        }
+      }
+      if (len) {
+        request->_tempFile.write(data, len);
+      }
+      if (final) {
+        request->_tempFile.close();
+      }
+    }
+  );
+
+  //
+  // Upload a binary file: curl -v -F "data=@file.mp3" http://192.168.4.1/upload/binary
+  //
+  server.on(
+    "/upload/binary", HTTP_POST,
+    [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+      // response already set ?
+      if (request->getResponse()) {
+        // 400 No Content-Length
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // nothing uploaded ?
+      if (!request->_tempObject) {
+        return request->send(400, "text/plain", "Nothing uploaded");
+      }
+
+      uint8_t *buffer = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(request->_tempObject);
+      // process the buffer
+
+      delete buffer;
+      request->_tempObject = nullptr;
+
+      request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK");
+    },
+    [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, String filename, size_t index, uint8_t *data, size_t len, bool final) {
+      Serial.printf("Upload[%s]: start=%u, len=%u, final=%d\n", filename.c_str(), index, len, final);
+
+      // first pass ?
+      if (!index) {
+        size_t size = request->header("Content-Length").toInt();
+        if (!size) {
+          request->send(400, "text/plain", "No Content-Length");
+        } else {
+          Serial.printf("Allocating buffer of %u bytes\n", size);
+          uint8_t *buffer = new (std::nothrow) uint8_t[size];
+          if (!buffer) {
+            // not enough memory
+            request->abort();
+          } else {
+            request->_tempObject = buffer;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (len) {
+        memcpy(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(request->_tempObject) + index, data, len);
+      }
+    }
+  );
+
+  server.begin();
+}
+
+// not needed
+void loop() {
+  delay(100);
+}

examples/WebSocket/WebSocket.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// WebSocket example
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#ifdef ESP32
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#elif defined(ESP8266)
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+static AsyncWebSocket ws("/ws");
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
+  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
+#endif
+
+  //
+  // Run in terminal 1: websocat ws://192.168.4.1/ws => should stream data
+  // Run in terminal 2: websocat ws://192.168.4.1/ws => should stream data
+  // Run in terminal 3: websocat ws://192.168.4.1/ws => should fail:
+  //
+  // To send a message to the WebSocket server:
+  //
+  // echo "Hello!" | websocat ws://192.168.4.1/ws
+  //
+  ws.onEvent([](AsyncWebSocket *server, AsyncWebSocketClient *client, AwsEventType type, void *arg, uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+    (void)len;
+
+    if (type == WS_EVT_CONNECT) {
+      ws.textAll("new client connected");
+      Serial.println("ws connect");
+      client->setCloseClientOnQueueFull(false);
+      client->ping();
+
+    } else if (type == WS_EVT_DISCONNECT) {
+      ws.textAll("client disconnected");
+      Serial.println("ws disconnect");
+
+    } else if (type == WS_EVT_ERROR) {
+      Serial.println("ws error");
+
+    } else if (type == WS_EVT_PONG) {
+      Serial.println("ws pong");
+
+    } else if (type == WS_EVT_DATA) {
+      AwsFrameInfo *info = (AwsFrameInfo *)arg;
+      Serial.printf("index: %" PRIu64 ", len: %" PRIu64 ", final: %" PRIu8 ", opcode: %" PRIu8 "\n", info->index, info->len, info->final, info->opcode);
+      String msg = "";
+      if (info->final && info->index == 0 && info->len == len) {
+        if (info->opcode == WS_TEXT) {
+          data[len] = 0;
+          Serial.printf("ws text: %s\n", (char *)data);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+  // shows how to prevent a third WS client to connect
+  server.addHandler(&ws).addMiddleware([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ArMiddlewareNext next) {
+    // ws.count() is the current count of WS clients: this one is trying to upgrade its HTTP connection
+    if (ws.count() > 1) {
+      // if we have 2 clients or more, prevent the next one to connect
+      request->send(503, "text/plain", "Server is busy");
+    } else {
+      // process next middleware and at the end the handler
+      next();
+    }
+  });
+
+  server.addHandler(&ws);
+
+  server.begin();
+}
+
+static uint32_t lastWS = 0;
+static uint32_t deltaWS = 100;
+
+static uint32_t lastHeap = 0;
+
+void loop() {
+  uint32_t now = millis();
+
+  if (now - lastWS >= deltaWS) {
+    ws.printfAll("kp%.4f", (10.0 / 3.0));
+    lastWS = millis();
+  }
+
+  if (now - lastHeap >= 2000) {
+    // cleanup disconnected clients or too many clients
+    ws.cleanupClients();
+
+#ifdef ESP32
+    Serial.printf("Free heap: %" PRIu32 "\n", ESP.getFreeHeap());
+#endif
+    lastHeap = now;
+  }
+}

idf_component.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+description: "Async Web Server for ESP32 Arduino"
+url: "https://github.com/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer"
+license: "LGPL-3.0-or-later"
+tags:
+  - arduino
+files:
+  exclude:
+    - "idf_component_examples/"
+    - "idf_component_examples/**/*"
+    - "docs/"
+    - "docs/*"
+    - "examples/"
+    - "examples/**/*"
+    - ".gitignore"
+    - ".clang-format"
+    - ".gitpod.Dockerfile"
+    - ".gitpod.yml"
+    - ".codespellrc"
+    - ".editorconfig"
+    - ".pre-commit-config.yaml"
+    - "CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md"
+    - "library.json"
+    - "library.properties"
+    - "partitions-4MB.csv"
+    - "platformio.ini"
+    - "pre-commit.requirements.txt"
+dependencies:
+  esp32async/asynctcp:
+    version: "^3.3.6"
+    require: public
+  bblanchon/arduinojson:
+    version: "^7.3.1"
+    require: public
+examples:
+  - path: ./idf_component_examples/catchall
+  - path: ./idf_component_examples/serversentevents
+  - path: ./idf_component_examples/websocket

idf_component_examples/catchall/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# For more information about build system see
+# https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/api-guides/build-system.html
+# The following five lines of boilerplate have to be in your project's
+# CMakeLists in this exact order for cmake to work correctly
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
+
+include($ENV{IDF_PATH}/tools/cmake/project.cmake)
+project(main)

idf_component_examples/catchall/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+### Basic example to show how to catch all requests and send a 404 Not Found response

idf_component_examples/catchall/main/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+idf_component_register(SRCS "main.cpp"
+                    INCLUDE_DIRS ".")

idf_component_examples/catchall/main/idf_component.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+## IDF Component Manager Manifest File
+dependencies:
+  esp32async/espasyncwebserver:
+    version: "*"
+    override_path: "../../../"
+    pre_release: true

idf_component_examples/catchall/main/main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// Shows how to catch all requests and send a 404 Not Found response
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+
+static const char *htmlContent PROGMEM = R"(
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+    <title>Sample HTML</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <h1>Hello, World!</h1>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+</body>
+</html>
+)";
+
+static const size_t htmlContentLength = strlen_P(htmlContent);
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
+  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
+#endif
+
+  // curl -v http://192.168.4.1/
+  server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    // need to cast to uint8_t*
+    // if you do not, the const char* will be copied in a temporary String buffer
+    request->send(200, "text/html", (uint8_t *)htmlContent, htmlContentLength);
+  });
+
+  // catch any request, and send a 404 Not Found response
+  // except for /game_log which is handled by onRequestBody
+  //
+  // curl -v http://192.168.4.1/foo
+  //
+  server.onNotFound([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    if (request->url() == "/game_log") {
+      return;  // response object already created by onRequestBody
+    }
+
+    request->send(404, "text/plain", "Not found");
+  });
+
+  // See: https://github.com/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer/issues/6
+  // catch any POST request and send a 200 OK response
+  //
+  // curl -v -X POST http://192.168.4.1/game_log -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"game": "test"}'
+  //
+  server.onRequestBody([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, uint8_t *data, size_t len, size_t index, size_t total) {
+    if (request->url() == "/game_log") {
+      request->send(200, "application/json", "{\"status\":\"OK\"}");
+    }
+    // note that there is no else here: the goal is only to prepare a response based on some body content
+    // onNotFound will always be called after this, and will not override the response object if `/game_log` is requested
+  });
+
+  server.begin();
+}
+
+// not needed
+void loop() {
+  delay(100);
+}

idf_component_examples/catchall/sdkconfig.defaults

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#
+# Arduino ESP32
+#
+CONFIG_AUTOSTART_ARDUINO=y
+# end of Arduino ESP32
+
+#
+# FREERTOS
+#
+CONFIG_FREERTOS_HZ=1000
+# end of FREERTOS
+# end of Component config

idf_component_examples/serversentevents/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# For more information about build system see
+# https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/api-guides/build-system.html
+# The following five lines of boilerplate have to be in your project's
+# CMakeLists in this exact order for cmake to work correctly
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
+
+include($ENV{IDF_PATH}/tools/cmake/project.cmake)
+project(main)

idf_component_examples/serversentevents/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+### Basic example to show how to use ServerSentEvents

idf_component_examples/serversentevents/main/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+idf_component_register(SRCS "main.cpp"
+                    INCLUDE_DIRS ".")

idf_component_examples/serversentevents/main/idf_component.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+## IDF Component Manager Manifest File
+dependencies:
+  esp32async/espasyncwebserver:
+    version: "*"
+    override_path: "../../../"
+    pre_release: true

idf_component_examples/serversentevents/main/main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// SSE example
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+
+static const char *htmlContent PROGMEM = R"(
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+  <title>Server-Sent Events</title>
+  <script>
+    if (!!window.EventSource) {
+      var source = new EventSource('/events');
+      source.addEventListener('open', function(e) {
+        console.log("Events Connected");
+      }, false);
+      source.addEventListener('error', function(e) {
+        if (e.target.readyState != EventSource.OPEN) {
+          console.log("Events Disconnected");
+        }
+      }, false);
+      source.addEventListener('message', function(e) {
+        console.log("message", e.data);
+      }, false);
+      source.addEventListener('heartbeat', function(e) {
+        console.log("heartbeat", e.data);
+      }, false);
+    }
+  </script>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <h1>Open your browser console!</h1>
+</body>
+</html>
+)";
+
+static const size_t htmlContentLength = strlen_P(htmlContent);
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+static AsyncEventSource events("/events");
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
+  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
+#endif
+
+  // curl -v http://192.168.4.1/
+  server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    // need to cast to uint8_t*
+    // if you do not, the const char* will be copied in a temporary String buffer
+    request->send(200, "text/html", (uint8_t *)htmlContent, htmlContentLength);
+  });
+
+  events.onConnect([](AsyncEventSourceClient *client) {
+    Serial.printf("SSE Client connected! ID: %" PRIu32 "\n", client->lastId());
+    client->send("hello!", NULL, millis(), 1000);
+  });
+
+  events.onDisconnect([](AsyncEventSourceClient *client) {
+    Serial.printf("SSE Client disconnected! ID: %" PRIu32 "\n", client->lastId());
+  });
+
+  server.addHandler(&events);
+
+  server.begin();
+}
+
+static uint32_t lastSSE = 0;
+static uint32_t deltaSSE = 3000;
+
+static uint32_t lastHeap = 0;
+
+void loop() {
+  uint32_t now = millis();
+  if (now - lastSSE >= deltaSSE) {
+    events.send(String("ping-") + now, "heartbeat", now);
+    lastSSE = millis();
+  }
+
+  if (now - lastHeap >= 2000) {
+    Serial.printf("Free heap: %" PRIu32 "\n", ESP.getFreeHeap());
+    lastHeap = now;
+  }
+}

idf_component_examples/serversentevents/sdkconfig.defaults

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#
+# Arduino ESP32
+#
+CONFIG_AUTOSTART_ARDUINO=y
+# end of Arduino ESP32
+
+#
+# FREERTOS
+#
+CONFIG_FREERTOS_HZ=1000
+# end of FREERTOS
+# end of Component config

idf_component_examples/websocket/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# For more information about build system see
+# https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/api-guides/build-system.html
+# The following five lines of boilerplate have to be in your project's
+# CMakeLists in this exact order for cmake to work correctly
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
+
+include($ENV{IDF_PATH}/tools/cmake/project.cmake)
+project(main)

idf_component_examples/websocket/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+### Basic example to show how to use WebSockets

idf_component_examples/websocket/main/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+idf_component_register(SRCS "main.cpp"
+                    INCLUDE_DIRS ".")

idf_component_examples/websocket/main/idf_component.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+## IDF Component Manager Manifest File
+dependencies:
+  esp32async/espasyncwebserver:
+    version: "*"
+    override_path: "../../../"
+    pre_release: true

idf_component_examples/websocket/main/main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// WebSocket example
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+static AsyncWebSocket ws("/ws");
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
+  WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
+#endif
+
+  //
+  // Run in terminal 1: websocat ws://192.168.4.1/ws => should stream data
+  // Run in terminal 2: websocat ws://192.168.4.1/ws => should stream data
+  // Run in terminal 3: websocat ws://192.168.4.1/ws => should fail:
+  //
+  // To send a message to the WebSocket server:
+  //
+  // echo "Hello!" | websocat ws://192.168.4.1/ws
+  //
+  ws.onEvent([](AsyncWebSocket *server, AsyncWebSocketClient *client, AwsEventType type, void *arg, uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+    (void)len;
+
+    if (type == WS_EVT_CONNECT) {
+      ws.textAll("new client connected");
+      Serial.println("ws connect");
+      client->setCloseClientOnQueueFull(false);
+      client->ping();
+
+    } else if (type == WS_EVT_DISCONNECT) {
+      ws.textAll("client disconnected");
+      Serial.println("ws disconnect");
+
+    } else if (type == WS_EVT_ERROR) {
+      Serial.println("ws error");
+
+    } else if (type == WS_EVT_PONG) {
+      Serial.println("ws pong");
+
+    } else if (type == WS_EVT_DATA) {
+      AwsFrameInfo *info = (AwsFrameInfo *)arg;
+      String msg = "";
+      if (info->final && info->index == 0 && info->len == len) {
+        if (info->opcode == WS_TEXT) {
+          data[len] = 0;
+          Serial.printf("ws text: %s\n", (char *)data);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+  // shows how to prevent a third WS client to connect
+  server.addHandler(&ws).addMiddleware([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ArMiddlewareNext next) {
+    // ws.count() is the current count of WS clients: this one is trying to upgrade its HTTP connection
+    if (ws.count() > 1) {
+      // if we have 2 clients or more, prevent the next one to connect
+      request->send(503, "text/plain", "Server is busy");
+    } else {
+      // process next middleware and at the end the handler
+      next();
+    }
+  });
+
+  server.addHandler(&ws);
+
+  server.begin();
+}
+
+static uint32_t lastWS = 0;
+static uint32_t deltaWS = 100;
+
+static uint32_t lastHeap = 0;
+
+void loop() {
+  uint32_t now = millis();
+
+  if (now - lastWS >= deltaWS) {
+    ws.printfAll("kp%.4f", (10.0 / 3.0));
+    lastWS = millis();
+  }
+
+  if (now - lastHeap >= 2000) {
+    // cleanup disconnected clients or too many clients
+    ws.cleanupClients();
+
+    Serial.printf("Free heap: %" PRIu32 "\n", ESP.getFreeHeap());
+    lastHeap = now;
+  }
+}

idf_component_examples/websocket/sdkconfig.defaults

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#
+# Arduino ESP32
+#
+CONFIG_AUTOSTART_ARDUINO=y
+# end of Arduino ESP32
+
+#
+# FREERTOS
+#
+CONFIG_FREERTOS_HZ=1000
+# end of FREERTOS
+# end of Component config

library.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "ESPAsyncWebServer",
-  "version": "3.6.0",
+  "version": "3.7.2",
   "description": "Asynchronous HTTP and WebSocket Server Library for ESP32, ESP8266 and RP2040. Supports: WebSocket, SSE, Authentication, Arduino Json 7, File Upload, Static File serving, URL Rewrite, URL Redirect, etc.",
   "keywords": "http,async,websocket,webserver",
   "homepage": "https://github.com/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer",
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
     {
       "owner": "ESP32Async",
       "name": "AsyncTCP",
-      "version": "^3.3.2",
+      "version": "^3.3.6",
       "platforms": "espressif32"
     },
     {
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@
       "platforms": "espressif8266"
     },
     {
-      "owner": "khoih-prog",
-      "name": "AsyncTCP_RP2040W",
-      "version": "^1.2.0",
+      "owner": "ayushsharma82",
+      "name": "RPAsyncTCP",
+      "version": "^1.3.1",
       "platforms": "raspberrypi"
     }
   ],

library.properties

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 name=ESP Async WebServer
 includes=ESPAsyncWebServer.h
-version=3.6.0
+version=3.7.2
 author=ESP32Async
 maintainer=ESP32Async
 sentence=Asynchronous HTTP and WebSocket Server Library for ESP32, ESP8266 and RP2040
@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ paragraph=Supports: WebSocket, SSE, Authentication, Arduino Json 7, File Upload,
 category=Other
 url=https://github.com/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer
 architectures=*
-license=LGPL-3.0
+license=LGPL-3.0

pioarduino_examples/IncreaseMaxSockets/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+.DS_Store
+.lh
+/.pio
+/.vscode
+/logs
+
+/sdkconfig.*
+/CMakeLists.txt
+/dependencies.lock
+/.dummy
+/managed_components

pioarduino_examples/IncreaseMaxSockets/platformio.ini

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+[env]
+framework = arduino
+platform = https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32/releases/download/53.03.13/platform-espressif32.zip
+build_flags =
+  -Og
+  -Wall -Wextra
+  -Wno-unused-parameter
+  -D CORE_DEBUG_LEVEL=ARDUHAL_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+  ; -D CONFIG_ASYNC_TCP_MAX_ACK_TIME=5000
+  ; -D CONFIG_ASYNC_TCP_PRIORITY=10
+  -D CONFIG_ASYNC_TCP_QUEUE_SIZE=128
+  -D CONFIG_ASYNC_TCP_RUNNING_CORE=1
+  -D CONFIG_ASYNC_TCP_STACK_SIZE=4096
+upload_protocol = esptool
+monitor_speed = 115200
+monitor_filters = esp32_exception_decoder, log2file
+lib_compat_mode = strict
+lib_ldf_mode = chain
+lib_deps =
+  ESP32Async/AsyncTCP @ 3.3.6
+  ESP32Async/ESpAsyncWebServer @ 3.7.0
+
+custom_sdkconfig = CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_ACTIVE_TCP=32
+
+[env:esp32dev]
+board = esp32dev

pioarduino_examples/IncreaseMaxSockets/src/main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+//
+// This example demonstrates how to increase the maximum number of active TCP connections
+//
+// in platformo.ini:
+//
+// Use hybrid compilation to set the maximum number of active TCP connections
+//
+// custom_sdkconfig = CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_ACTIVE_TCP=32
+//
+// and increase the queue stack size
+//
+// -D CONFIG_ASYNC_TCP_QUEUE_SIZE=128
+//
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <WiFi.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+
+static const char *htmlContent PROGMEM = R"(
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+    <title>Sample HTML</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <h1>Hello, World!</h1>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
+    rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
+    arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
+    accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
+    Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
+    dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
+</body>
+</html>
+)";
+
+static const size_t htmlContentLength = strlen_P(htmlContent);
+
+static AsyncWebServer server(80);
+static AsyncEventSource events("/events");
+
+static volatile size_t requests = 0;
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+
+  Serial.println("============================");
+  Serial.printf("CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_ACTIVE_TCP %d\n", CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_ACTIVE_TCP);
+  Serial.println("============================");
+
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
+  WiFi.begin("IoT", "");
+
+  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
+    delay(500);
+    Serial.println("Connecting to WiFi...");
+  }
+
+  // HTTP endpoint
+  //
+  // > autocannon -c 32 -d 20 -t 30 --renderStatusCodes http://192.168.125.146/
+  //
+  server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+    requests++;
+    request->send(200, "text/html", (uint8_t *)htmlContent, htmlContentLength);
+  });
+
+  // SSS endpoint
+  //
+  // launch 32 concurrent workers for 30 seconds
+  // > for i in {1..32}; do ( count=$(gtimeout 30 curl -s -N -H "Accept: text/event-stream" http://192.168.125.146/events 2>&1 | grep -c "^data:"); echo "Total: $count events, $(echo "$count / 4" | bc -l) events / second" ) & done;
+  //
+  server.addHandler(&events);
+
+  server.begin();
+}
+
+static uint32_t lastSSE = 0;
+static uint32_t deltaSSE = 10;
+
+static uint32_t lastHeap = 0;
+
+void loop() {
+  uint32_t now = millis();
+  if (now - lastSSE >= deltaSSE) {
+    events.send(String("ping-") + now, "heartbeat", now);
+    lastSSE = millis();
+  }
+
+#ifdef ESP32
+  if (now - lastHeap >= 2000) {
+    Serial.printf("Uptime: %3lu s, requests: %3u, Free heap: %" PRIu32 "\n", millis() / 1000, requests, ESP.getFreeHeap());
+    lastHeap = now;
+  }
+#endif
+}

platformio.ini

@@ -1,16 +1,42 @@
 [platformio]
-default_envs = arduino-2, arduino-3, arduino-311, esp8266, raspberrypi
+default_envs = arduino-2, arduino-3, esp8266, raspberrypi
 lib_dir = .
+; src_dir = examples/Auth
 ; src_dir = examples/CaptivePortal
-src_dir = examples/SimpleServer
-; src_dir = examples/StreamFiles
+; src_dir = examples/CatchAllHandler
+; src_dir = examples/ChunkResponse
+; src_dir = examples/ChunkRetryResponse
+; src_dir = examples/CORS
+; src_dir = examples/EndBegin
 ; src_dir = examples/Filters
-; src_dir = examples/Issue85
-; src_dir = examples/Issue162
+; src_dir = examples/FlashResponse
+; src_dir = examples/HeaderManipulation
+; src_dir = examples/Json
+; src_dir = examples/Logging
+; src_dir = examples/MessagePack
+; src_dir = examples/Middleware
+; src_dir = examples/Params
+; src_dir = examples/PartitionDownloader
+src_dir = examples/PerfTests
+; src_dir = examples/RateLimit
+; src_dir = examples/Redirect
+; src_dir = examples/RequestContinuation
+; src_dir = examples/RequestContinuationComplete
+; src_dir = examples/ResumableDownload
+; src_dir = examples/Rewrite
+; src_dir = examples/ServerSentEvents
+; src_dir = examples/SkipServerMiddleware
+; src_dir = examples/SlowChunkResponse
+; src_dir = examples/StaticFile
+; src_dir = examples/Templates
+; src_dir = examples/Upload
+; src_dir = examples/WebSocket
 
 [env]
 framework = arduino
-build_flags = 
+platform = https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32/releases/download/53.03.13/platform-espressif32.zip
+board = esp32dev
+build_flags =
   -Og
   -Wall -Wextra
   -Wno-unused-parameter
@@ -27,64 +53,53 @@ monitor_filters = esp32_exception_decoder, log2file
 ; monitor_filters = esp8266_exception_decoder, log2file
 lib_compat_mode = strict
 lib_ldf_mode = chain
-lib_deps = 
-  ; bblanchon/ArduinoJson @ 5.13.4
-  ; bblanchon/ArduinoJson @ 6.21.5
-  bblanchon/ArduinoJson @ 7.3.0
-  ESP32Async/AsyncTCP @ 3.3.2
-board = esp32dev
+lib_deps =
+  bblanchon/ArduinoJson @ 7.3.1
+  ESP32Async/AsyncTCP @ 3.3.6
 board_build.partitions = partitions-4MB.csv
 board_build.filesystem = littlefs
 
 [env:arduino-2]
-platform = espressif32@6.9.0
+platform = espressif32@6.10.0
 
 [env:arduino-3]
-platform = https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32/releases/download/51.03.05/platform-espressif32.zip
-; board = esp32-s3-devkitc-1
-; board = esp32-c6-devkitc-1
+
+[env:arduino-3-latest]
+platform = https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32/releases/download/54.03.20-rc1/platform-espressif32.zip
 
 [env:arduino-3-no-json]
-platform = https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32/releases/download/51.03.05/platform-espressif32.zip
-; board = esp32-s3-devkitc-1
-; board = esp32-c6-devkitc-1
-lib_deps = 
-  ESP32Async/AsyncTCP @ 3.3.2
+lib_deps =
+  ESP32Async/AsyncTCP @ 3.3.6
 
-[env:arduino-311]
-platform = https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32/releases/download/53.03.11/platform-espressif32.zip
-; board = esp32-s3-devkitc-1
-; board = esp32-c6-devkitc-1
-; board = esp32-h2-devkitm-1
+[env:arduino-3-latest-asynctcp]
+lib_deps =
+  https://github.com/ESP32Async/AsyncTCP
 
-[env:perf-test-AsyncTCP]
-platform = https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32/releases/download/53.03.11/platform-espressif32.zip
+[env:arduino-3-no-chunk-inflight]
 build_flags = ${env.build_flags}
-  -D PERF_TEST=1
+  -D ASYNCWEBSERVER_USE_CHUNK_INFLIGHT=0
 
-[env:perf-test-AsyncTCPSock]
-platform = https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32/releases/download/53.03.11/platform-espressif32.zip
-lib_deps = 
+[env:AsyncTCPSock]
+lib_deps =
   https://github.com/ESP32Async/AsyncTCPSock/archive/refs/tags/v1.0.3-dev.zip
 build_flags = ${env.build_flags}
-  -D PERF_TEST=1
 
 [env:esp8266]
 platform = espressif8266
 ; board = huzzah
 board = d1_mini
-lib_deps = 
-  bblanchon/ArduinoJson @ 7.3.0
+lib_deps =
+  bblanchon/ArduinoJson @ 7.3.1
   ESP32Async/ESPAsyncTCP @ 2.0.0
 
 [env:raspberrypi]
-platform = https://github.com/maxgerhardt/platform-raspberrypi.git
+platform = https://github.com/maxgerhardt/platform-raspberrypi.git#c7502925e3b08af70e9f924d54ab9d00a7e64781
 board = rpipicow
 board_build.core = earlephilhower
-lib_deps = 
+lib_deps =
   bblanchon/ArduinoJson @ 7.3.0
-  khoih-prog/AsyncTCP_RP2040W @ 1.2.0
-lib_ignore = 
+  ayushsharma82/RPAsyncTCP@^1.3.1
+lib_ignore =
   lwIP_ESPHost
 build_flags = ${env.build_flags}
   -Wno-missing-field-initializers
@@ -92,38 +107,45 @@ build_flags = ${env.build_flags}
 ;  CI
 
 [env:ci-arduino-2]
-platform = espressif32@6.9.0
+platform = espressif32@6.10.0
 board = ${sysenv.PIO_BOARD}
 
 [env:ci-arduino-3]
-platform = https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32/releases/download/51.03.05/platform-espressif32.zip
+board = ${sysenv.PIO_BOARD}
+
+[env:ci-arduino-3-latest]
+platform = https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32/releases/download/54.03.20-rc1/platform-espressif32.zip
 board = ${sysenv.PIO_BOARD}
 
 [env:ci-arduino-3-no-json]
-platform = https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32/releases/download/51.03.05/platform-espressif32.zip
 board = ${sysenv.PIO_BOARD}
-lib_deps = 
-  ESP32Async/AsyncTCP @ 3.3.2
+lib_deps =
+  ESP32Async/AsyncTCP @ 3.3.6
 
-[env:ci-arduino-311]
-platform = https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32/releases/download/53.03.11/platform-espressif32.zip
+[env:ci-arduino-3-latest-asynctcp]
+lib_deps =
+  https://github.com/ESP32Async/AsyncTCP
+
+[env:ci-arduino-3-no-chunk-inflight]
 board = ${sysenv.PIO_BOARD}
+build_flags = ${env.build_flags}
+  -D ASYNCWEBSERVER_USE_CHUNK_INFLIGHT=1
 
 [env:ci-esp8266]
 platform = espressif8266
 board = ${sysenv.PIO_BOARD}
-lib_deps = 
-  bblanchon/ArduinoJson @ 7.3.0
+lib_deps =
+  bblanchon/ArduinoJson @ 7.3.1
   ESP32Async/ESPAsyncTCP @ 2.0.0
 
 [env:ci-raspberrypi]
-platform = https://github.com/maxgerhardt/platform-raspberrypi.git
+platform = https://github.com/maxgerhardt/platform-raspberrypi.git#c7502925e3b08af70e9f924d54ab9d00a7e64781
 board = ${sysenv.PIO_BOARD}
 board_build.core = earlephilhower
-lib_deps = 
+lib_deps =
   bblanchon/ArduinoJson @ 7.3.0
-  khoih-prog/AsyncTCP_RP2040W @ 1.2.0
-lib_ignore = 
+  ayushsharma82/RPAsyncTCP@^1.3.1
+lib_ignore =
   lwIP_ESPHost
 build_flags = ${env.build_flags}
   -Wno-missing-field-initializers

pre-commit.requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pre-commit==4.1.0

src/AsyncEventSource.cpp

@@ -1,25 +1,9 @@
-/*
-  Asynchronous WebServer library for Espressif MCUs
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
 
-  Copyright (c) 2016 Hristo Gochkov. All rights reserved.
-
-  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
-  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
-  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
-  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
-
-  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
-  Lesser General Public License for more details.
-
-  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
-  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
-  Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
-*/
 #include "Arduino.h"
 #if defined(ESP32)
-  #include <rom/ets_sys.h>
+#include <rom/ets_sys.h>
 #endif
 #include "AsyncEventSource.h"
 
@@ -27,46 +11,54 @@
 
 using namespace asyncsrv;
 
-static String generateEventMessage(const char* message, const char* event, uint32_t id, uint32_t reconnect) {
+static String generateEventMessage(const char *message, const char *event, uint32_t id, uint32_t reconnect) {
   String str;
   size_t len{0};
-  if (message)
+  if (message) {
     len += strlen(message);
+  }
 
-  if (event)
+  if (event) {
     len += strlen(event);
+  }
 
-  len += 42; // give it some overhead
+  len += 42;  // give it some overhead
 
-  str.reserve(len);
+  if (!str.reserve(len)) {
+#ifdef ESP32
+    log_e("Failed to allocate");
+#endif
+    return emptyString;
+  }
 
   if (reconnect) {
     str += T_retry_;
     str += reconnect;
-    str += ASYNC_SSE_NEW_LINE_CHAR; // '\n'
+    str += ASYNC_SSE_NEW_LINE_CHAR;  // '\n'
   }
 
   if (id) {
     str += T_id__;
     str += id;
-    str += ASYNC_SSE_NEW_LINE_CHAR; // '\n'
+    str += ASYNC_SSE_NEW_LINE_CHAR;  // '\n'
   }
 
   if (event != NULL) {
     str += T_event_;
     str += event;
-    str += ASYNC_SSE_NEW_LINE_CHAR; // '\n'
+    str += ASYNC_SSE_NEW_LINE_CHAR;  // '\n'
   }
 
-  if (!message)
+  if (!message) {
     return str;
+  }
 
   size_t messageLen = strlen(message);
-  char* lineStart = (char*)message;
-  char* lineEnd;
+  char *lineStart = (char *)message;
+  char *lineEnd;
   do {
-    char* nextN = strchr(lineStart, '\n');
-    char* nextR = strchr(lineStart, '\r');
+    char *nextN = strchr(lineStart, '\n');
+    char *nextR = strchr(lineStart, '\r');
     if (nextN == NULL && nextR == NULL) {
       // a message is a single-line string
       str += T_data_;
@@ -76,10 +68,10 @@ static String generateEventMessage(const char* message, const char* event, uint3
     }
 
     // a message is a multi-line string
-    char* nextLine = NULL;
-    if (nextN != NULL && nextR != NULL) { // windows line-ending \r\n
+    char *nextLine = NULL;
+    if (nextN != NULL && nextR != NULL) {  // windows line-ending \r\n
       if (nextR + 1 == nextN) {
-        // normal \r\n sequense
+        // normal \r\n sequence
         lineEnd = nextR;
         nextLine = nextN + 1;
       } else {
@@ -87,23 +79,23 @@ static String generateEventMessage(const char* message, const char* event, uint3
         lineEnd = std::min(nextR, nextN);
         nextLine = lineEnd + 1;
       }
-    } else if (nextN != NULL) { // Unix/Mac OS X LF
+    } else if (nextN != NULL) {  // Unix/Mac OS X LF
       lineEnd = nextN;
       nextLine = nextN + 1;
-    } else { // some ancient garbage
+    } else {  // some ancient garbage
       lineEnd = nextR;
       nextLine = nextR + 1;
     }
 
     str += T_data_;
     str.concat(lineStart, lineEnd - lineStart);
-    str += ASYNC_SSE_NEW_LINE_CHAR; // \n
+    str += ASYNC_SSE_NEW_LINE_CHAR;  // \n
 
     lineStart = nextLine;
-  } while (lineStart < ((char*)message + messageLen));
+  } while (lineStart < ((char *)message + messageLen));
 
   // append another \n to terminate message
-  str += ASYNC_SSE_NEW_LINE_CHAR; // '\n'
+  str += ASYNC_SSE_NEW_LINE_CHAR;  // '\n'
 
   return str;
 }
@@ -123,9 +115,10 @@ size_t AsyncEventSourceMessage::ack(size_t len, __attribute__((unused)) uint32_t
   return 0;
 }
 
-size_t AsyncEventSourceMessage::write(AsyncClient* client) {
-  if (!client)
+size_t AsyncEventSourceMessage::write(AsyncClient *client) {
+  if (!client) {
     return 0;
+  }
 
   if (_sent >= _data->length() || !client->canSend()) {
     return 0;
@@ -143,31 +136,54 @@ size_t AsyncEventSourceMessage::write(AsyncClient* client) {
 
     So let's just keep it enforced ASYNC_WRITE_FLAG_COPY and keep in mind that there is no zero-copy
   */
-  size_t written = client->add(_data->c_str() + _sent, len, ASYNC_WRITE_FLAG_COPY); //  ASYNC_WRITE_FLAG_MORE
+  size_t written = client->add(_data->c_str() + _sent, len, ASYNC_WRITE_FLAG_COPY);  //  ASYNC_WRITE_FLAG_MORE
   _sent += written;
   return written;
 }
 
-size_t AsyncEventSourceMessage::send(AsyncClient* client) {
+size_t AsyncEventSourceMessage::send(AsyncClient *client) {
   size_t sent = write(client);
   return sent && client->send() ? sent : 0;
 }
 
 // Client
 
-AsyncEventSourceClient::AsyncEventSourceClient(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, AsyncEventSource* server)
-    : _client(request->client()), _server(server) {
+AsyncEventSourceClient::AsyncEventSourceClient(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, AsyncEventSource *server) : _client(request->client()), _server(server) {
 
-  if (request->hasHeader(T_Last_Event_ID))
+  if (request->hasHeader(T_Last_Event_ID)) {
     _lastId = atoi(request->getHeader(T_Last_Event_ID)->value().c_str());
+  }
 
   _client->setRxTimeout(0);
   _client->onError(NULL, NULL);
-  _client->onAck([](void* r, AsyncClient* c, size_t len, uint32_t time) { (void)c; static_cast<AsyncEventSourceClient*>(r)->_onAck(len, time); }, this);
-  _client->onPoll([](void* r, AsyncClient* c) { (void)c; static_cast<AsyncEventSourceClient*>(r)->_onPoll(); }, this);
+  _client->onAck(
+    [](void *r, AsyncClient *c, size_t len, uint32_t time) {
+      (void)c;
+      static_cast<AsyncEventSourceClient *>(r)->_onAck(len, time);
+    },
+    this
+  );
+  _client->onPoll(
+    [](void *r, AsyncClient *c) {
+      (void)c;
+      static_cast<AsyncEventSourceClient *>(r)->_onPoll();
+    },
+    this
+  );
   _client->onData(NULL, NULL);
-  _client->onTimeout([this](void* r, AsyncClient* c __attribute__((unused)), uint32_t time) { static_cast<AsyncEventSourceClient*>(r)->_onTimeout(time); }, this);
-  _client->onDisconnect([this](void* r, AsyncClient* c) { static_cast<AsyncEventSourceClient*>(r)->_onDisconnect(); delete c; }, this);
+  _client->onTimeout(
+    [this](void *r, AsyncClient *c __attribute__((unused)), uint32_t time) {
+      static_cast<AsyncEventSourceClient *>(r)->_onTimeout(time);
+    },
+    this
+  );
+  _client->onDisconnect(
+    [this](void *r, AsyncClient *c) {
+      static_cast<AsyncEventSourceClient *>(r)->_onDisconnect();
+      delete c;
+    },
+    this
+  );
 
   _server->_addClient(this);
   delete request;
@@ -183,7 +199,7 @@ AsyncEventSourceClient::~AsyncEventSourceClient() {
   close();
 }
 
-bool AsyncEventSourceClient::_queueMessage(const char* message, size_t len) {
+bool AsyncEventSourceClient::_queueMessage(const char *message, size_t len) {
   if (_messageQueue.size() >= SSE_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES) {
 #ifdef ESP8266
     ets_printf(String(F("ERROR: Too many messages queued\n")).c_str());
@@ -213,7 +229,7 @@ bool AsyncEventSourceClient::_queueMessage(const char* message, size_t len) {
   return true;
 }
 
-bool AsyncEventSourceClient::_queueMessage(AsyncEvent_SharedData_t&& msg) {
+bool AsyncEventSourceClient::_queueMessage(AsyncEvent_SharedData_t &&msg) {
   if (_messageQueue.size() >= SSE_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES) {
 #ifdef ESP8266
     ets_printf(String(F("ERROR: Too many messages queued\n")).c_str());
@@ -249,10 +265,11 @@ void AsyncEventSourceClient::_onAck(size_t len __attribute__((unused)), uint32_t
 #endif
 
   // adjust in-flight len
-  if (len < _inflight)
+  if (len < _inflight) {
     _inflight -= len;
-  else
+  } else {
     _inflight = 0;
+  }
 
   // acknowledge as much messages's data as we got confirmed len from a AsyncTCP
   while (len && _messageQueue.size()) {
@@ -264,8 +281,9 @@ void AsyncEventSourceClient::_onAck(size_t len __attribute__((unused)), uint32_t
   }
 
   // try to send another batch of data
-  if (_messageQueue.size())
+  if (_messageQueue.size()) {
     _runQueue();
+  }
 }
 
 void AsyncEventSourceClient::_onPoll() {
@@ -279,31 +297,36 @@ void AsyncEventSourceClient::_onPoll() {
 }
 
 void AsyncEventSourceClient::_onTimeout(uint32_t time __attribute__((unused))) {
-  if (_client)
+  if (_client) {
     _client->close(true);
+  }
 }
 
 void AsyncEventSourceClient::_onDisconnect() {
-  if (!_client)
+  if (!_client) {
     return;
+  }
   _client = nullptr;
   _server->_handleDisconnect(this);
 }
 
 void AsyncEventSourceClient::close() {
-  if (_client)
+  if (_client) {
     _client->close();
+  }
 }
 
-bool AsyncEventSourceClient::send(const char* message, const char* event, uint32_t id, uint32_t reconnect) {
-  if (!connected())
+bool AsyncEventSourceClient::send(const char *message, const char *event, uint32_t id, uint32_t reconnect) {
+  if (!connected()) {
     return false;
+  }
   return _queueMessage(std::make_shared<String>(generateEventMessage(message, event, id, reconnect)));
 }
 
 void AsyncEventSourceClient::_runQueue() {
-  if (!_client)
+  if (!_client) {
     return;
+  }
 
   // there is no need to lock the mutex here, 'cause all the calls to this method must be already lock'ed
   size_t total_bytes_written = 0;
@@ -320,45 +343,52 @@ void AsyncEventSourceClient::_runQueue() {
   }
 
   // flush socket
-  if (total_bytes_written)
+  if (total_bytes_written) {
     _client->send();
+  }
 }
 
 void AsyncEventSourceClient::set_max_inflight_bytes(size_t value) {
-  if (value >= SSE_MIN_INFLIGH && value <= SSE_MAX_INFLIGH)
+  if (value >= SSE_MIN_INFLIGH && value <= SSE_MAX_INFLIGH) {
     _max_inflight = value;
+  }
 }
 
 /*  AsyncEventSource  */
 
 void AsyncEventSource::authorizeConnect(ArAuthorizeConnectHandler cb) {
-  AsyncAuthorizationMiddleware* m = new AsyncAuthorizationMiddleware(401, cb);
+  AsyncAuthorizationMiddleware *m = new AsyncAuthorizationMiddleware(401, cb);
   m->_freeOnRemoval = true;
   addMiddleware(m);
 }
 
-void AsyncEventSource::_addClient(AsyncEventSourceClient* client) {
-  if (!client)
+void AsyncEventSource::_addClient(AsyncEventSourceClient *client) {
+  if (!client) {
     return;
+  }
 #ifdef ESP32
   std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_client_queue_lock);
 #endif
   _clients.emplace_back(client);
-  if (_connectcb)
+  if (_connectcb) {
     _connectcb(client);
+  }
 
   _adjust_inflight_window();
 }
 
-void AsyncEventSource::_handleDisconnect(AsyncEventSourceClient* client) {
-  if (_disconnectcb)
+void AsyncEventSource::_handleDisconnect(AsyncEventSourceClient *client) {
+  if (_disconnectcb) {
     _disconnectcb(client);
+  }
 #ifdef ESP32
   std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_client_queue_lock);
 #endif
   for (auto i = _clients.begin(); i != _clients.end(); ++i) {
-    if (i->get() == client)
+    if (i->get() == client) {
       _clients.erase(i);
+      break;
+    }
   }
   _adjust_inflight_window();
 }
@@ -370,9 +400,10 @@ void AsyncEventSource::close() {
 #ifdef ESP32
   std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_client_queue_lock);
 #endif
-  for (const auto& c : _clients) {
-    if (c->connected())
+  for (const auto &c : _clients) {
+    if (c->connected()) {
       c->close();
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -383,31 +414,32 @@ size_t AsyncEventSource::avgPacketsWaiting() const {
 #ifdef ESP32
   std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_client_queue_lock);
 #endif
-  if (!_clients.size())
+  if (!_clients.size()) {
     return 0;
+  }
 
-  for (const auto& c : _clients) {
+  for (const auto &c : _clients) {
     if (c->connected()) {
       aql += c->packetsWaiting();
       ++nConnectedClients;
     }
   }
-  return ((aql) + (nConnectedClients / 2)) / (nConnectedClients); // round up
+  return ((aql) + (nConnectedClients / 2)) / (nConnectedClients);  // round up
 }
 
-AsyncEventSource::SendStatus AsyncEventSource::send(
-  const char* message, const char* event, uint32_t id, uint32_t reconnect) {
+AsyncEventSource::SendStatus AsyncEventSource::send(const char *message, const char *event, uint32_t id, uint32_t reconnect) {
   AsyncEvent_SharedData_t shared_msg = std::make_shared<String>(generateEventMessage(message, event, id, reconnect));
 #ifdef ESP32
   std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_client_queue_lock);
 #endif
   size_t hits = 0;
   size_t miss = 0;
-  for (const auto& c : _clients) {
-    if (c->write(shared_msg))
+  for (const auto &c : _clients) {
+    if (c->write(shared_msg)) {
       ++hits;
-    else
+    } else {
       ++miss;
+    }
   }
   return hits == 0 ? DISCARDED : (miss == 0 ? ENQUEUED : PARTIALLY_ENQUEUED);
 }
@@ -417,33 +449,36 @@ size_t AsyncEventSource::count() const {
   std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_client_queue_lock);
 #endif
   size_t n_clients{0};
-  for (const auto& i : _clients)
-    if (i->connected())
+  for (const auto &i : _clients) {
+    if (i->connected()) {
       ++n_clients;
+    }
+  }
 
   return n_clients;
 }
 
-bool AsyncEventSource::canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) const {
+bool AsyncEventSource::canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) const {
   return request->isSSE() && request->url().equals(_url);
 }
 
-void AsyncEventSource::handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
+void AsyncEventSource::handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
   request->send(new AsyncEventSourceResponse(this));
 }
 
 void AsyncEventSource::_adjust_inflight_window() {
   if (_clients.size()) {
     size_t inflight = SSE_MAX_INFLIGH / _clients.size();
-    for (const auto& c : _clients)
+    for (const auto &c : _clients) {
       c->set_max_inflight_bytes(inflight);
+    }
     // Serial.printf("adjusted inflight to: %u\n", inflight);
   }
 }
 
 /*  Response  */
 
-AsyncEventSourceResponse::AsyncEventSourceResponse(AsyncEventSource* server) {
+AsyncEventSourceResponse::AsyncEventSourceResponse(AsyncEventSource *server) {
   _server = server;
   _code = 200;
   _contentType = T_text_event_stream;
@@ -452,14 +487,14 @@ AsyncEventSourceResponse::AsyncEventSourceResponse(AsyncEventSource* server) {
   addHeader(T_Connection, T_keep_alive);
 }
 
-void AsyncEventSourceResponse::_respond(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
+void AsyncEventSourceResponse::_respond(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
   String out;
   _assembleHead(out, request->version());
   request->client()->write(out.c_str(), _headLength);
   _state = RESPONSE_WAIT_ACK;
 }
 
-size_t AsyncEventSourceResponse::_ack(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, size_t len, uint32_t time __attribute__((unused))) {
+size_t AsyncEventSourceResponse::_ack(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, size_t len, uint32_t time __attribute__((unused))) {
   if (len) {
     new AsyncEventSourceClient(request, _server);
   }

src/AsyncEventSource.h

@@ -1,64 +1,48 @@
-/*
-  Asynchronous WebServer library for Espressif MCUs
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
 
-  Copyright (c) 2016 Hristo Gochkov. All rights reserved.
-
-  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
-  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
-  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
-  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
-
-  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
-  Lesser General Public License for more details.
-
-  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
-  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
-  Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
-*/
 #ifndef ASYNCEVENTSOURCE_H_
 #define ASYNCEVENTSOURCE_H_
 
 #include <Arduino.h>
 
 #ifdef ESP32
-  #include <AsyncTCP.h>
-  #include <mutex>
-  #ifndef SSE_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES
-    #define SSE_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES 32
-  #endif
-  #define SSE_MIN_INFLIGH 2 * 1460  // allow 2 MSS packets
-  #define SSE_MAX_INFLIGH 16 * 1024 // but no more than 16k, no need to blow it, since same data is kept in local Q
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <mutex>
+#ifndef SSE_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES
+#define SSE_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES 32
+#endif
+#define SSE_MIN_INFLIGH 2 * 1460   // allow 2 MSS packets
+#define SSE_MAX_INFLIGH 16 * 1024  // but no more than 16k, no need to blow it, since same data is kept in local Q
 #elif defined(ESP8266)
-  #include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
-  #ifndef SSE_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES
-    #define SSE_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES 8
-  #endif
-  #define SSE_MIN_INFLIGH 2 * 1460 // allow 2 MSS packets
-  #define SSE_MAX_INFLIGH 8 * 1024 // but no more than 8k, no need to blow it, since same data is kept in local Q
-#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040)
-  #include <AsyncTCP_RP2040W.h>
-  #ifndef SSE_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES
-    #define SSE_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES 32
-  #endif
-  #define SSE_MIN_INFLIGH 2 * 1460  // allow 2 MSS packets
-  #define SSE_MAX_INFLIGH 16 * 1024 // but no more than 16k, no need to blow it, since same data is kept in local Q
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#ifndef SSE_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES
+#define SSE_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES 8
+#endif
+#define SSE_MIN_INFLIGH 2 * 1460  // allow 2 MSS packets
+#define SSE_MAX_INFLIGH 8 * 1024  // but no more than 8k, no need to blow it, since same data is kept in local Q
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#ifndef SSE_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES
+#define SSE_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES 32
+#endif
+#define SSE_MIN_INFLIGH 2 * 1460   // allow 2 MSS packets
+#define SSE_MAX_INFLIGH 16 * 1024  // but no more than 16k, no need to blow it, since same data is kept in local Q
 #endif
 
 #include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
 
 #ifdef ESP8266
-  #include <Hash.h>
-  #ifdef CRYPTO_HASH_h // include Hash.h from espressif framework if the first include was from the crypto library
-    #include <../src/Hash.h>
-  #endif
+#include <Hash.h>
+#ifdef CRYPTO_HASH_h  // include Hash.h from espressif framework if the first include was from the crypto library
+#include <../src/Hash.h>
+#endif
 #endif
 
 class AsyncEventSource;
 class AsyncEventSourceResponse;
 class AsyncEventSourceClient;
-using ArEventHandlerFunction = std::function<void(AsyncEventSourceClient* client)>;
+using ArEventHandlerFunction = std::function<void(AsyncEventSourceClient *client)>;
 using ArAuthorizeConnectHandler = ArAuthorizeFunction;
 // shared message object container
 using AsyncEvent_SharedData_t = std::shared_ptr<String>;
@@ -69,55 +53,67 @@ using AsyncEvent_SharedData_t = std::shared_ptr<String>;
  */
 class AsyncEventSourceMessage {
 
-  private:
-    const AsyncEvent_SharedData_t _data;
-    size_t _sent{0};  // num of bytes already sent
-    size_t _acked{0}; // num of bytes acked
+private:
+  const AsyncEvent_SharedData_t _data;
+  size_t _sent{0};   // num of bytes already sent
+  size_t _acked{0};  // num of bytes acked
 
-  public:
-    AsyncEventSourceMessage(AsyncEvent_SharedData_t data) : _data(data) {};
-#ifdef ESP32
-    AsyncEventSourceMessage(const char* data, size_t len) : _data(std::make_shared<String>(data, len)) {};
+public:
+  AsyncEventSourceMessage(AsyncEvent_SharedData_t data) : _data(data){};
+#if defined(ESP32)
+  AsyncEventSourceMessage(const char *data, size_t len) : _data(std::make_shared<String>(data, len)){};
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+  AsyncEventSourceMessage(const char *data, size_t len) : _data(std::make_shared<String>()) {
+    if (data && len > 0) {
+      _data->concat(data, len);
+    }
+  };
 #else
-    // esp8266's String does not have constructor with data/length arguments. Use a concat method here
-    AsyncEventSourceMessage(const char* data, size_t len) { _data->concat(data, len); };
+  // esp8266's String does not have constructor with data/length arguments. Use a concat method here
+  AsyncEventSourceMessage(const char *data, size_t len) {
+    _data->concat(data, len);
+  };
 #endif
 
-    /**
+  /**
      * @brief acknowledge sending len bytes of data
      * @note if num of bytes to ack is larger then the unacknowledged message length the number of carried over bytes are returned
      *
-     * @param len bytes to acknowlegde
+     * @param len bytes to acknowledge
      * @param time
      * @return size_t number of extra bytes carried over
      */
-    size_t ack(size_t len, uint32_t time = 0);
+  size_t ack(size_t len, uint32_t time = 0);
 
-    /**
+  /**
      * @brief write message data to client's buffer
      * @note this method does NOT call client's send
      *
      * @param client
      * @return size_t number of bytes written
      */
-    size_t write(AsyncClient* client);
+  size_t write(AsyncClient *client);
 
-    /**
+  /**
      * @brief writes message data to client's buffer and calls client's send method
      *
      * @param client
      * @return size_t returns num of bytes the clien was able to send()
      */
-    size_t send(AsyncClient* client);
+  size_t send(AsyncClient *client);
 
-    // returns true if full message's length were acked
-    bool finished() { return _acked == _data->length(); }
+  // returns true if full message's length were acked
+  bool finished() {
+    return _acked == _data->length();
+  }
 
-    /**
+  /**
      * @brief returns true if all data has been sent already
      *
      */
-    bool sent() { return _sent == _data->length(); }
+  bool sent() {
+    return _sent == _data->length();
+  }
 };
 
 /**
@@ -125,25 +121,25 @@ class AsyncEventSourceMessage {
  *
  */
 class AsyncEventSourceClient {
-  private:
-    AsyncClient* _client;
-    AsyncEventSource* _server;
-    uint32_t _lastId{0};
-    size_t _inflight{0};                   // num of unacknowledged bytes that has been written to socket buffer
-    size_t _max_inflight{SSE_MAX_INFLIGH}; // max num of unacknowledged bytes that could be written to socket buffer
-    std::list<AsyncEventSourceMessage> _messageQueue;
+private:
+  AsyncClient *_client;
+  AsyncEventSource *_server;
+  uint32_t _lastId{0};
+  size_t _inflight{0};                    // num of unacknowledged bytes that has been written to socket buffer
+  size_t _max_inflight{SSE_MAX_INFLIGH};  // max num of unacknowledged bytes that could be written to socket buffer
+  std::list<AsyncEventSourceMessage> _messageQueue;
 #ifdef ESP32
-    mutable std::mutex _lockmq;
+  mutable std::mutex _lockmq;
 #endif
-    bool _queueMessage(const char* message, size_t len);
-    bool _queueMessage(AsyncEvent_SharedData_t&& msg);
-    void _runQueue();
+  bool _queueMessage(const char *message, size_t len);
+  bool _queueMessage(AsyncEvent_SharedData_t &&msg);
+  void _runQueue();
 
-  public:
-    AsyncEventSourceClient(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, AsyncEventSource* server);
-    ~AsyncEventSourceClient();
+public:
+  AsyncEventSourceClient(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, AsyncEventSource *server);
+  ~AsyncEventSourceClient();
 
-    /**
+  /**
      * @brief Send an SSE message to client
      * it will craft an SSE message and place it to client's message queue
      *
@@ -154,11 +150,15 @@ class AsyncEventSourceClient {
      * @return true if message was placed in a queue
      * @return false if queue is full
      */
-    bool send(const char* message, const char* event = NULL, uint32_t id = 0, uint32_t reconnect = 0);
-    bool send(const String& message, const String& event, uint32_t id = 0, uint32_t reconnect = 0) { return send(message.c_str(), event.c_str(), id, reconnect); }
-    bool send(const String& message, const char* event, uint32_t id = 0, uint32_t reconnect = 0) { return send(message.c_str(), event, id, reconnect); }
+  bool send(const char *message, const char *event = NULL, uint32_t id = 0, uint32_t reconnect = 0);
+  bool send(const String &message, const String &event, uint32_t id = 0, uint32_t reconnect = 0) {
+    return send(message.c_str(), event.c_str(), id, reconnect);
+  }
+  bool send(const String &message, const char *event, uint32_t id = 0, uint32_t reconnect = 0) {
+    return send(message.c_str(), event, id, reconnect);
+  }
 
-    /**
+  /**
      * @brief place supplied preformatted SSE message to the message queue
      * @note message must a properly formatted SSE string according to https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Server-sent_events/Using_server-sent_events
      *
@@ -166,42 +166,56 @@ class AsyncEventSourceClient {
      * @return true on success
      * @return false on queue overflow or no client connected
      */
-    bool write(AsyncEvent_SharedData_t message) { return connected() && _queueMessage(std::move(message)); };
+  bool write(AsyncEvent_SharedData_t message) {
+    return connected() && _queueMessage(std::move(message));
+  };
 
-    [[deprecated("Use _write(AsyncEvent_SharedData_t message) instead to share same data with multiple SSE clients")]]
-    bool write(const char* message, size_t len) { return connected() && _queueMessage(message, len); };
+  [[deprecated("Use _write(AsyncEvent_SharedData_t message) instead to share same data with multiple SSE clients")]]
+  bool write(const char *message, size_t len) {
+    return connected() && _queueMessage(message, len);
+  };
 
-    // close client's connection
-    void close();
+  // close client's connection
+  void close();
 
-    // getters
+  // getters
 
-    AsyncClient* client() { return _client; }
-    bool connected() const { return _client && _client->connected(); }
-    uint32_t lastId() const { return _lastId; }
-    size_t packetsWaiting() const { return _messageQueue.size(); };
+  AsyncClient *client() {
+    return _client;
+  }
+  bool connected() const {
+    return _client && _client->connected();
+  }
+  uint32_t lastId() const {
+    return _lastId;
+  }
+  size_t packetsWaiting() const {
+    return _messageQueue.size();
+  };
 
-    /**
+  /**
      * @brief Sets max amount of bytes that could be written to client's socket while awaiting delivery acknowledge
      * used to throttle message delivery length to tradeoff memory consumption
      * @note actual amount of data written could possible be a bit larger but no more than available socket buff space
      *
      * @param value
      */
-    void set_max_inflight_bytes(size_t value);
+  void set_max_inflight_bytes(size_t value);
 
-    /**
+  /**
      * @brief Get current max inflight bytes value
      *
      * @return size_t
      */
-    size_t get_max_inflight_bytes() const { return _max_inflight; }
+  size_t get_max_inflight_bytes() const {
+    return _max_inflight;
+  }
 
-    // system callbacks (do not call if from user code!)
-    void _onAck(size_t len, uint32_t time);
-    void _onPoll();
-    void _onTimeout(uint32_t time);
-    void _onDisconnect();
+  // system callbacks (do not call if from user code!)
+  void _onAck(size_t len, uint32_t time);
+  void _onPoll();
+  void _onTimeout(uint32_t time);
+  void _onDisconnect();
 };
 
 /**
@@ -210,44 +224,50 @@ class AsyncEventSourceClient {
  *
  */
 class AsyncEventSource : public AsyncWebHandler {
-  private:
-    String _url;
-    std::list<std::unique_ptr<AsyncEventSourceClient>> _clients;
+private:
+  String _url;
+  std::list<std::unique_ptr<AsyncEventSourceClient>> _clients;
 #ifdef ESP32
-    // Same as for individual messages, protect mutations of _clients list
-    // since simultaneous access from different tasks is possible
-    mutable std::mutex _client_queue_lock;
+  // Same as for individual messages, protect mutations of _clients list
+  // since simultaneous access from different tasks is possible
+  mutable std::mutex _client_queue_lock;
 #endif
-    ArEventHandlerFunction _connectcb = nullptr;
-    ArEventHandlerFunction _disconnectcb = nullptr;
+  ArEventHandlerFunction _connectcb = nullptr;
+  ArEventHandlerFunction _disconnectcb = nullptr;
 
-    // this method manipulates in-fligh data size for connected client depending on number of active connections
-    void _adjust_inflight_window();
+  // this method manipulates in-fligh data size for connected client depending on number of active connections
+  void _adjust_inflight_window();
 
-  public:
-    typedef enum {
-      DISCARDED = 0,
-      ENQUEUED = 1,
-      PARTIALLY_ENQUEUED = 2,
-    } SendStatus;
+public:
+  typedef enum {
+    DISCARDED = 0,
+    ENQUEUED = 1,
+    PARTIALLY_ENQUEUED = 2,
+  } SendStatus;
 
-    AsyncEventSource(const char* url) : _url(url) {};
-    AsyncEventSource(const String& url) : _url(url) {};
-    ~AsyncEventSource() { close(); };
+  AsyncEventSource(const char *url) : _url(url){};
+  AsyncEventSource(const String &url) : _url(url){};
+  ~AsyncEventSource() {
+    close();
+  };
 
-    const char* url() const { return _url.c_str(); }
-    // close all connected clients
-    void close();
+  const char *url() const {
+    return _url.c_str();
+  }
+  // close all connected clients
+  void close();
 
-    /**
+  /**
      * @brief set on-connect callback for the client
      * used to deliver messages to client on first connect
      *
      * @param cb
      */
-    void onConnect(ArEventHandlerFunction cb) { _connectcb = cb; }
+  void onConnect(ArEventHandlerFunction cb) {
+    _connectcb = cb;
+  }
 
-    /**
+  /**
      * @brief Send an SSE message to client
      * it will craft an SSE message and place it to all connected client's message queues
      *
@@ -257,36 +277,44 @@ class AsyncEventSource : public AsyncWebHandler {
      * @param reconnect client's reconnect timeout
      * @return SendStatus if message was placed in any/all/part of the client's queues
      */
-    SendStatus send(const char* message, const char* event = NULL, uint32_t id = 0, uint32_t reconnect = 0);
-    SendStatus send(const String& message, const String& event, uint32_t id = 0, uint32_t reconnect = 0) { return send(message.c_str(), event.c_str(), id, reconnect); }
-    SendStatus send(const String& message, const char* event, uint32_t id = 0, uint32_t reconnect = 0) { return send(message.c_str(), event, id, reconnect); }
+  SendStatus send(const char *message, const char *event = NULL, uint32_t id = 0, uint32_t reconnect = 0);
+  SendStatus send(const String &message, const String &event, uint32_t id = 0, uint32_t reconnect = 0) {
+    return send(message.c_str(), event.c_str(), id, reconnect);
+  }
+  SendStatus send(const String &message, const char *event, uint32_t id = 0, uint32_t reconnect = 0) {
+    return send(message.c_str(), event, id, reconnect);
+  }
 
-    // The client pointer sent to the callback is only for reference purposes. DO NOT CALL ANY METHOD ON IT !
-    void onDisconnect(ArEventHandlerFunction cb) { _disconnectcb = cb; }
-    void authorizeConnect(ArAuthorizeConnectHandler cb);
+  // The client pointer sent to the callback is only for reference purposes. DO NOT CALL ANY METHOD ON IT !
+  void onDisconnect(ArEventHandlerFunction cb) {
+    _disconnectcb = cb;
+  }
+  void authorizeConnect(ArAuthorizeConnectHandler cb);
 
-    // returns number of connected clients
-    size_t count() const;
+  // returns number of connected clients
+  size_t count() const;
 
-    // returns average number of messages pending in all client's queues
-    size_t avgPacketsWaiting() const;
+  // returns average number of messages pending in all client's queues
+  size_t avgPacketsWaiting() const;
 
-    // system callbacks (do not call from user code!)
-    void _addClient(AsyncEventSourceClient* client);
-    void _handleDisconnect(AsyncEventSourceClient* client);
-    bool canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) const override final;
-    void handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) override final;
+  // system callbacks (do not call from user code!)
+  void _addClient(AsyncEventSourceClient *client);
+  void _handleDisconnect(AsyncEventSourceClient *client);
+  bool canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) const override final;
+  void handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) override final;
 };
 
 class AsyncEventSourceResponse : public AsyncWebServerResponse {
-  private:
-    AsyncEventSource* _server;
+private:
+  AsyncEventSource *_server;
 
-  public:
-    AsyncEventSourceResponse(AsyncEventSource* server);
-    void _respond(AsyncWebServerRequest* request);
-    size_t _ack(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, size_t len, uint32_t time);
-    bool _sourceValid() const { return true; }
+public:
+  AsyncEventSourceResponse(AsyncEventSource *server);
+  void _respond(AsyncWebServerRequest *request);
+  size_t _ack(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, size_t len, uint32_t time);
+  bool _sourceValid() const {
+    return true;
+  }
 };
 
 #endif /* ASYNCEVENTSOURCE_H_ */

src/AsyncJson.cpp

@@ -1,108 +1,117 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
 #include "AsyncJson.h"
 
 #if ASYNC_JSON_SUPPORT == 1
 
-  #if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 5
+#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 5
 AsyncJsonResponse::AsyncJsonResponse(bool isArray) : _isValid{false} {
   _code = 200;
   _contentType = asyncsrv::T_application_json;
-  if (isArray)
+  if (isArray) {
     _root = _jsonBuffer.createArray();
-  else
+  } else {
     _root = _jsonBuffer.createObject();
+  }
 }
-  #elif ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
+#elif ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
 AsyncJsonResponse::AsyncJsonResponse(bool isArray, size_t maxJsonBufferSize) : _jsonBuffer(maxJsonBufferSize), _isValid{false} {
   _code = 200;
   _contentType = asyncsrv::T_application_json;
-  if (isArray)
+  if (isArray) {
     _root = _jsonBuffer.createNestedArray();
-  else
+  } else {
     _root = _jsonBuffer.createNestedObject();
+  }
 }
-  #else
+#else
 AsyncJsonResponse::AsyncJsonResponse(bool isArray) : _isValid{false} {
   _code = 200;
   _contentType = asyncsrv::T_application_json;
-  if (isArray)
+  if (isArray) {
     _root = _jsonBuffer.add<JsonArray>();
-  else
+  } else {
     _root = _jsonBuffer.add<JsonObject>();
+  }
 }
-  #endif
+#endif
 
 size_t AsyncJsonResponse::setLength() {
-  #if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 5
+#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 5
   _contentLength = _root.measureLength();
-  #else
+#else
   _contentLength = measureJson(_root);
-  #endif
+#endif
   if (_contentLength) {
     _isValid = true;
   }
   return _contentLength;
 }
 
-size_t AsyncJsonResponse::_fillBuffer(uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
+size_t AsyncJsonResponse::_fillBuffer(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   ChunkPrint dest(data, _sentLength, len);
-  #if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 5
+#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 5
   _root.printTo(dest);
-  #else
+#else
   serializeJson(_root, dest);
-  #endif
+#endif
   return len;
 }
 
-  #if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
+#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
 PrettyAsyncJsonResponse::PrettyAsyncJsonResponse(bool isArray, size_t maxJsonBufferSize) : AsyncJsonResponse{isArray, maxJsonBufferSize} {}
-  #else
+#else
 PrettyAsyncJsonResponse::PrettyAsyncJsonResponse(bool isArray) : AsyncJsonResponse{isArray} {}
-  #endif
+#endif
 
 size_t PrettyAsyncJsonResponse::setLength() {
-  #if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 5
+#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 5
   _contentLength = _root.measurePrettyLength();
-  #else
+#else
   _contentLength = measureJsonPretty(_root);
-  #endif
+#endif
   if (_contentLength) {
     _isValid = true;
   }
   return _contentLength;
 }
 
-size_t PrettyAsyncJsonResponse::_fillBuffer(uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
+size_t PrettyAsyncJsonResponse::_fillBuffer(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   ChunkPrint dest(data, _sentLength, len);
-  #if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 5
+#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 5
   _root.prettyPrintTo(dest);
-  #else
+#else
   serializeJsonPretty(_root, dest);
-  #endif
+#endif
   return len;
 }
 
-  #if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
-AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler::AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler(const String& uri, ArJsonRequestHandlerFunction onRequest, size_t maxJsonBufferSize)
-    : _uri(uri), _method(HTTP_GET | HTTP_POST | HTTP_PUT | HTTP_PATCH), _onRequest(onRequest), maxJsonBufferSize(maxJsonBufferSize), _maxContentLength(16384) {}
-  #else
-AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler::AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler(const String& uri, ArJsonRequestHandlerFunction onRequest)
-    : _uri(uri), _method(HTTP_GET | HTTP_POST | HTTP_PUT | HTTP_PATCH), _onRequest(onRequest), _maxContentLength(16384) {}
-  #endif
+#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
+AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler::AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler(const String &uri, ArJsonRequestHandlerFunction onRequest, size_t maxJsonBufferSize)
+  : _uri(uri), _method(HTTP_GET | HTTP_POST | HTTP_PUT | HTTP_PATCH), _onRequest(onRequest), maxJsonBufferSize(maxJsonBufferSize), _maxContentLength(16384) {}
+#else
+AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler::AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler(const String &uri, ArJsonRequestHandlerFunction onRequest)
+  : _uri(uri), _method(HTTP_GET | HTTP_POST | HTTP_PUT | HTTP_PATCH), _onRequest(onRequest), _maxContentLength(16384) {}
+#endif
 
-bool AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler::canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) const {
-  if (!_onRequest || !request->isHTTP() || !(_method & request->method()))
+bool AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler::canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) const {
+  if (!_onRequest || !request->isHTTP() || !(_method & request->method())) {
     return false;
+  }
 
-  if (_uri.length() && (_uri != request->url() && !request->url().startsWith(_uri + "/")))
+  if (_uri.length() && (_uri != request->url() && !request->url().startsWith(_uri + "/"))) {
     return false;
+  }
 
-  if (request->method() != HTTP_GET && !request->contentType().equalsIgnoreCase(asyncsrv::T_application_json))
+  if (request->method() != HTTP_GET && !request->contentType().equalsIgnoreCase(asyncsrv::T_application_json)) {
     return false;
+  }
 
   return true;
 }
 
-void AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler::handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
+void AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler::handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
   if (_onRequest) {
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET) {
       JsonVariant json;
@@ -110,21 +119,21 @@ void AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler::handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest* request)
       return;
     } else if (request->_tempObject != NULL) {
 
-  #if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 5
+#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 5
       DynamicJsonBuffer jsonBuffer;
-      JsonVariant json = jsonBuffer.parse((uint8_t*)(request->_tempObject));
+      JsonVariant json = jsonBuffer.parse((uint8_t *)(request->_tempObject));
       if (json.success()) {
-  #elif ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
+#elif ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
       DynamicJsonDocument jsonBuffer(this->maxJsonBufferSize);
-      DeserializationError error = deserializeJson(jsonBuffer, (uint8_t*)(request->_tempObject));
+      DeserializationError error = deserializeJson(jsonBuffer, (uint8_t *)(request->_tempObject));
       if (!error) {
         JsonVariant json = jsonBuffer.as<JsonVariant>();
-  #else
+#else
       JsonDocument jsonBuffer;
-      DeserializationError error = deserializeJson(jsonBuffer, (uint8_t*)(request->_tempObject));
+      DeserializationError error = deserializeJson(jsonBuffer, (uint8_t *)(request->_tempObject));
       if (!error) {
         JsonVariant json = jsonBuffer.as<JsonVariant>();
-  #endif
+#endif
 
         _onRequest(request, json);
         return;
@@ -136,16 +145,23 @@ void AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler::handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest* request)
   }
 }
 
-void AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler::handleBody(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, uint8_t* data, size_t len, size_t index, size_t total) {
+void AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler::handleBody(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, uint8_t *data, size_t len, size_t index, size_t total) {
   if (_onRequest) {
     _contentLength = total;
     if (total > 0 && request->_tempObject == NULL && total < _maxContentLength) {
       request->_tempObject = malloc(total);
+      if (request->_tempObject == NULL) {
+#ifdef ESP32
+        log_e("Failed to allocate");
+#endif
+        request->abort();
+        return;
+      }
     }
     if (request->_tempObject != NULL) {
-      memcpy((uint8_t*)(request->_tempObject) + index, data, len);
+      memcpy((uint8_t *)(request->_tempObject) + index, data, len);
     }
   }
 }
 
-#endif // ASYNC_JSON_SUPPORT
+#endif  // ASYNC_JSON_SUPPORT

src/AsyncJson.h

@@ -1,131 +1,119 @@
-// AsyncJson.h
-/*
-  Async Response to use with ArduinoJson and AsyncWebServer
-  Written by Andrew Melvin (SticilFace) with help from me-no-dev and BBlanchon.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
 
-  Example of callback in use
-
-   server.on("/json", HTTP_ANY, [](AsyncWebServerRequest * request) {
-
-    AsyncJsonResponse * response = new AsyncJsonResponse();
-    JsonObject& root = response->getRoot();
-    root["key1"] = "key number one";
-    JsonObject& nested = root.createNestedObject("nested");
-    nested["key1"] = "key number one";
-
-    response->setLength();
-    request->send(response);
-  });
-
-  --------------------
-
-  Async Request to use with ArduinoJson and AsyncWebServer
-  Written by Arsène von Wyss (avonwyss)
-
-  Example
-
-  AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler* handler = new AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler("/rest/endpoint");
-  handler->onRequest([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, JsonVariant &json) {
-    JsonObject jsonObj = json.as<JsonObject>();
-    // ...
-  });
-  server.addHandler(handler);
-
-*/
 #ifndef ASYNC_JSON_H_
 #define ASYNC_JSON_H_
 
 #if __has_include("ArduinoJson.h")
-  #include <ArduinoJson.h>
-  #if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR >= 5
-    #define ASYNC_JSON_SUPPORT 1
-  #else
-    #define ASYNC_JSON_SUPPORT 0
-  #endif // ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR >= 5
-#endif   // __has_include("ArduinoJson.h")
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR >= 5
+#define ASYNC_JSON_SUPPORT 1
+#else
+#define ASYNC_JSON_SUPPORT 0
+#endif  // ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR >= 5
+#endif  // __has_include("ArduinoJson.h")
 
 #if ASYNC_JSON_SUPPORT == 1
-  #include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
 
-  #include "ChunkPrint.h"
+#include "ChunkPrint.h"
 
-  #if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
-    #ifndef DYNAMIC_JSON_DOCUMENT_SIZE
-      #define DYNAMIC_JSON_DOCUMENT_SIZE 1024
-    #endif
-  #endif
+#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
+#ifndef DYNAMIC_JSON_DOCUMENT_SIZE
+#define DYNAMIC_JSON_DOCUMENT_SIZE 1024
+#endif
+#endif
 
 class AsyncJsonResponse : public AsyncAbstractResponse {
-  protected:
-  #if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 5
-    DynamicJsonBuffer _jsonBuffer;
-  #elif ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
-    DynamicJsonDocument _jsonBuffer;
-  #else
-    JsonDocument _jsonBuffer;
-  #endif
+protected:
+#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 5
+  DynamicJsonBuffer _jsonBuffer;
+#elif ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
+  DynamicJsonDocument _jsonBuffer;
+#else
+  JsonDocument _jsonBuffer;
+#endif
 
-    JsonVariant _root;
-    bool _isValid;
+  JsonVariant _root;
+  bool _isValid;
 
-  public:
-  #if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
-    AsyncJsonResponse(bool isArray = false, size_t maxJsonBufferSize = DYNAMIC_JSON_DOCUMENT_SIZE);
-  #else
-    AsyncJsonResponse(bool isArray = false);
-  #endif
-    JsonVariant& getRoot() { return _root; }
-    bool _sourceValid() const { return _isValid; }
-    size_t setLength();
-    size_t getSize() const { return _jsonBuffer.size(); }
-    size_t _fillBuffer(uint8_t* data, size_t len);
-  #if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR >= 6
-    bool overflowed() const { return _jsonBuffer.overflowed(); }
-  #endif
+public:
+#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
+  AsyncJsonResponse(bool isArray = false, size_t maxJsonBufferSize = DYNAMIC_JSON_DOCUMENT_SIZE);
+#else
+  AsyncJsonResponse(bool isArray = false);
+#endif
+  JsonVariant &getRoot() {
+    return _root;
+  }
+  bool _sourceValid() const {
+    return _isValid;
+  }
+  size_t setLength();
+  size_t getSize() const {
+    return _jsonBuffer.size();
+  }
+  size_t _fillBuffer(uint8_t *data, size_t len);
+#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR >= 6
+  bool overflowed() const {
+    return _jsonBuffer.overflowed();
+  }
+#endif
 };
 
 class PrettyAsyncJsonResponse : public AsyncJsonResponse {
-  public:
-  #if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
-    PrettyAsyncJsonResponse(bool isArray = false, size_t maxJsonBufferSize = DYNAMIC_JSON_DOCUMENT_SIZE);
-  #else
-    PrettyAsyncJsonResponse(bool isArray = false);
-  #endif
-    size_t setLength();
-    size_t _fillBuffer(uint8_t* data, size_t len);
+public:
+#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
+  PrettyAsyncJsonResponse(bool isArray = false, size_t maxJsonBufferSize = DYNAMIC_JSON_DOCUMENT_SIZE);
+#else
+  PrettyAsyncJsonResponse(bool isArray = false);
+#endif
+  size_t setLength();
+  size_t _fillBuffer(uint8_t *data, size_t len);
 };
 
-typedef std::function<void(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, JsonVariant& json)> ArJsonRequestHandlerFunction;
+typedef std::function<void(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, JsonVariant &json)> ArJsonRequestHandlerFunction;
 
 class AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler : public AsyncWebHandler {
-  protected:
-    String _uri;
-    WebRequestMethodComposite _method;
-    ArJsonRequestHandlerFunction _onRequest;
-    size_t _contentLength;
-  #if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
-    size_t maxJsonBufferSize;
-  #endif
-    size_t _maxContentLength;
+protected:
+  String _uri;
+  WebRequestMethodComposite _method;
+  ArJsonRequestHandlerFunction _onRequest;
+  size_t _contentLength;
+#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
+  size_t maxJsonBufferSize;
+#endif
+  size_t _maxContentLength;
 
-  public:
-  #if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
-    AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler(const String& uri, ArJsonRequestHandlerFunction onRequest = nullptr, size_t maxJsonBufferSize = DYNAMIC_JSON_DOCUMENT_SIZE);
-  #else
-    AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler(const String& uri, ArJsonRequestHandlerFunction onRequest = nullptr);
-  #endif
+public:
+#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
+  AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler(const String &uri, ArJsonRequestHandlerFunction onRequest = nullptr, size_t maxJsonBufferSize = DYNAMIC_JSON_DOCUMENT_SIZE);
+#else
+  AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler(const String &uri, ArJsonRequestHandlerFunction onRequest = nullptr);
+#endif
 
-    void setMethod(WebRequestMethodComposite method) { _method = method; }
-    void setMaxContentLength(int maxContentLength) { _maxContentLength = maxContentLength; }
-    void onRequest(ArJsonRequestHandlerFunction fn) { _onRequest = fn; }
+  void setMethod(WebRequestMethodComposite method) {
+    _method = method;
+  }
+  void setMaxContentLength(int maxContentLength) {
+    _maxContentLength = maxContentLength;
+  }
+  void onRequest(ArJsonRequestHandlerFunction fn) {
+    _onRequest = fn;
+  }
 
-    bool canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) const override final;
-    void handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) override final;
-    void handleUpload(__unused AsyncWebServerRequest* request, __unused const String& filename, __unused size_t index, __unused uint8_t* data, __unused size_t len, __unused bool final) override final {}
-    void handleBody(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, uint8_t* data, size_t len, size_t index, size_t total) override final;
-    bool isRequestHandlerTrivial() const override final { return !_onRequest; }
+  bool canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) const override final;
+  void handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) override final;
+  void handleUpload(
+    __unused AsyncWebServerRequest *request, __unused const String &filename, __unused size_t index, __unused uint8_t *data, __unused size_t len,
+    __unused bool final
+  ) override final {}
+  void handleBody(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, uint8_t *data, size_t len, size_t index, size_t total) override final;
+  bool isRequestHandlerTrivial() const override final {
+    return !_onRequest;
+  }
 };
 
-#endif // ASYNC_JSON_SUPPORT == 1
+#endif  // ASYNC_JSON_SUPPORT == 1
 
-#endif // ASYNC_JSON_H_
+#endif  // ASYNC_JSON_H_

src/AsyncMessagePack.cpp

@@ -1,26 +1,31 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
 #include "AsyncMessagePack.h"
 
 #if ASYNC_MSG_PACK_SUPPORT == 1
 
-  #if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
+#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
 AsyncMessagePackResponse::AsyncMessagePackResponse(bool isArray, size_t maxJsonBufferSize) : _jsonBuffer(maxJsonBufferSize), _isValid{false} {
   _code = 200;
   _contentType = asyncsrv::T_application_msgpack;
-  if (isArray)
+  if (isArray) {
     _root = _jsonBuffer.createNestedArray();
-  else
+  } else {
     _root = _jsonBuffer.createNestedObject();
+  }
 }
-  #else
+#else
 AsyncMessagePackResponse::AsyncMessagePackResponse(bool isArray) : _isValid{false} {
   _code = 200;
   _contentType = asyncsrv::T_application_msgpack;
-  if (isArray)
+  if (isArray) {
     _root = _jsonBuffer.add<JsonArray>();
-  else
+  } else {
     _root = _jsonBuffer.add<JsonObject>();
+  }
 }
-  #endif
+#endif
 
 size_t AsyncMessagePackResponse::setLength() {
   _contentLength = measureMsgPack(_root);
@@ -30,34 +35,39 @@ size_t AsyncMessagePackResponse::setLength() {
   return _contentLength;
 }
 
-size_t AsyncMessagePackResponse::_fillBuffer(uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
+size_t AsyncMessagePackResponse::_fillBuffer(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   ChunkPrint dest(data, _sentLength, len);
   serializeMsgPack(_root, dest);
   return len;
 }
 
-  #if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
-AsyncCallbackMessagePackWebHandler::AsyncCallbackMessagePackWebHandler(const String& uri, ArMessagePackRequestHandlerFunction onRequest, size_t maxJsonBufferSize)
-    : _uri(uri), _method(HTTP_GET | HTTP_POST | HTTP_PUT | HTTP_PATCH), _onRequest(onRequest), maxJsonBufferSize(maxJsonBufferSize), _maxContentLength(16384) {}
-  #else
-AsyncCallbackMessagePackWebHandler::AsyncCallbackMessagePackWebHandler(const String& uri, ArMessagePackRequestHandlerFunction onRequest)
-    : _uri(uri), _method(HTTP_GET | HTTP_POST | HTTP_PUT | HTTP_PATCH), _onRequest(onRequest), _maxContentLength(16384) {}
-  #endif
+#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
+AsyncCallbackMessagePackWebHandler::AsyncCallbackMessagePackWebHandler(
+  const String &uri, ArMessagePackRequestHandlerFunction onRequest, size_t maxJsonBufferSize
+)
+  : _uri(uri), _method(HTTP_GET | HTTP_POST | HTTP_PUT | HTTP_PATCH), _onRequest(onRequest), maxJsonBufferSize(maxJsonBufferSize), _maxContentLength(16384) {}
+#else
+AsyncCallbackMessagePackWebHandler::AsyncCallbackMessagePackWebHandler(const String &uri, ArMessagePackRequestHandlerFunction onRequest)
+  : _uri(uri), _method(HTTP_GET | HTTP_POST | HTTP_PUT | HTTP_PATCH), _onRequest(onRequest), _maxContentLength(16384) {}
+#endif
 
-bool AsyncCallbackMessagePackWebHandler::canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) const {
-  if (!_onRequest || !request->isHTTP() || !(_method & request->method()))
+bool AsyncCallbackMessagePackWebHandler::canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) const {
+  if (!_onRequest || !request->isHTTP() || !(_method & request->method())) {
     return false;
+  }
 
-  if (_uri.length() && (_uri != request->url() && !request->url().startsWith(_uri + "/")))
+  if (_uri.length() && (_uri != request->url() && !request->url().startsWith(_uri + "/"))) {
     return false;
+  }
 
-  if (request->method() != HTTP_GET && !request->contentType().equalsIgnoreCase(asyncsrv::T_application_msgpack))
+  if (request->method() != HTTP_GET && !request->contentType().equalsIgnoreCase(asyncsrv::T_application_msgpack)) {
     return false;
+  }
 
   return true;
 }
 
-void AsyncCallbackMessagePackWebHandler::handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
+void AsyncCallbackMessagePackWebHandler::handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
   if (_onRequest) {
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET) {
       JsonVariant json;
@@ -65,17 +75,17 @@ void AsyncCallbackMessagePackWebHandler::handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest* re
       return;
     } else if (request->_tempObject != NULL) {
 
-  #if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
+#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
       DynamicJsonDocument jsonBuffer(this->maxJsonBufferSize);
-      DeserializationError error = deserializeMsgPack(jsonBuffer, (uint8_t*)(request->_tempObject));
+      DeserializationError error = deserializeMsgPack(jsonBuffer, (uint8_t *)(request->_tempObject));
       if (!error) {
         JsonVariant json = jsonBuffer.as<JsonVariant>();
-  #else
+#else
       JsonDocument jsonBuffer;
-      DeserializationError error = deserializeMsgPack(jsonBuffer, (uint8_t*)(request->_tempObject));
+      DeserializationError error = deserializeMsgPack(jsonBuffer, (uint8_t *)(request->_tempObject));
       if (!error) {
         JsonVariant json = jsonBuffer.as<JsonVariant>();
-  #endif
+#endif
 
         _onRequest(request, json);
         return;
@@ -87,16 +97,23 @@ void AsyncCallbackMessagePackWebHandler::handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest* re
   }
 }
 
-void AsyncCallbackMessagePackWebHandler::handleBody(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, uint8_t* data, size_t len, size_t index, size_t total) {
+void AsyncCallbackMessagePackWebHandler::handleBody(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, uint8_t *data, size_t len, size_t index, size_t total) {
   if (_onRequest) {
     _contentLength = total;
     if (total > 0 && request->_tempObject == NULL && total < _maxContentLength) {
       request->_tempObject = malloc(total);
+      if (request->_tempObject == NULL) {
+#ifdef ESP32
+        log_e("Failed to allocate");
+#endif
+        request->abort();
+        return;
+      }
     }
     if (request->_tempObject != NULL) {
-      memcpy((uint8_t*)(request->_tempObject) + index, data, len);
+      memcpy((uint8_t *)(request->_tempObject) + index, data, len);
     }
   }
 }
 
-#endif // ASYNC_MSG_PACK_SUPPORT
+#endif  // ASYNC_MSG_PACK_SUPPORT

src/AsyncMessagePack.h

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
 #pragma once
 
 /*
@@ -22,81 +25,102 @@
 */
 
 #if __has_include("ArduinoJson.h")
-  #include <ArduinoJson.h>
-  #if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR >= 6
-    #define ASYNC_MSG_PACK_SUPPORT 1
-  #else
-    #define ASYNC_MSG_PACK_SUPPORT 0
-  #endif // ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR >= 6
-#endif   // __has_include("ArduinoJson.h")
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR >= 6
+#define ASYNC_MSG_PACK_SUPPORT 1
+#else
+#define ASYNC_MSG_PACK_SUPPORT 0
+#endif  // ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR >= 6
+#endif  // __has_include("ArduinoJson.h")
 
 #if ASYNC_MSG_PACK_SUPPORT == 1
-  #include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
+#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
 
-  #include "ChunkPrint.h"
+#include "ChunkPrint.h"
 
-  #if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
-    #ifndef DYNAMIC_JSON_DOCUMENT_SIZE
-      #define DYNAMIC_JSON_DOCUMENT_SIZE 1024
-    #endif
-  #endif
+#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
+#ifndef DYNAMIC_JSON_DOCUMENT_SIZE
+#define DYNAMIC_JSON_DOCUMENT_SIZE 1024
+#endif
+#endif
 
 class AsyncMessagePackResponse : public AsyncAbstractResponse {
-  protected:
-  #if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
-    DynamicJsonDocument _jsonBuffer;
-  #else
-    JsonDocument _jsonBuffer;
-  #endif
+protected:
+#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
+  DynamicJsonDocument _jsonBuffer;
+#else
+  JsonDocument _jsonBuffer;
+#endif
 
-    JsonVariant _root;
-    bool _isValid;
+  JsonVariant _root;
+  bool _isValid;
 
-  public:
-  #if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
-    AsyncMessagePackResponse(bool isArray = false, size_t maxJsonBufferSize = DYNAMIC_JSON_DOCUMENT_SIZE);
-  #else
-    AsyncMessagePackResponse(bool isArray = false);
-  #endif
-    JsonVariant& getRoot() { return _root; }
-    bool _sourceValid() const { return _isValid; }
-    size_t setLength();
-    size_t getSize() const { return _jsonBuffer.size(); }
-    size_t _fillBuffer(uint8_t* data, size_t len);
-  #if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR >= 6
-    bool overflowed() const { return _jsonBuffer.overflowed(); }
-  #endif
+public:
+#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
+  AsyncMessagePackResponse(bool isArray = false, size_t maxJsonBufferSize = DYNAMIC_JSON_DOCUMENT_SIZE);
+#else
+  AsyncMessagePackResponse(bool isArray = false);
+#endif
+  JsonVariant &getRoot() {
+    return _root;
+  }
+  bool _sourceValid() const {
+    return _isValid;
+  }
+  size_t setLength();
+  size_t getSize() const {
+    return _jsonBuffer.size();
+  }
+  size_t _fillBuffer(uint8_t *data, size_t len);
+#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR >= 6
+  bool overflowed() const {
+    return _jsonBuffer.overflowed();
+  }
+#endif
 };
 
-typedef std::function<void(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, JsonVariant& json)> ArMessagePackRequestHandlerFunction;
+typedef std::function<void(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, JsonVariant &json)> ArMessagePackRequestHandlerFunction;
 
 class AsyncCallbackMessagePackWebHandler : public AsyncWebHandler {
-  protected:
-    String _uri;
-    WebRequestMethodComposite _method;
-    ArMessagePackRequestHandlerFunction _onRequest;
-    size_t _contentLength;
-  #if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
-    size_t maxJsonBufferSize;
-  #endif
-    size_t _maxContentLength;
+protected:
+  String _uri;
+  WebRequestMethodComposite _method;
+  ArMessagePackRequestHandlerFunction _onRequest;
+  size_t _contentLength;
+#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
+  size_t maxJsonBufferSize;
+#endif
+  size_t _maxContentLength;
 
-  public:
-  #if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
-    AsyncCallbackMessagePackWebHandler(const String& uri, ArMessagePackRequestHandlerFunction onRequest = nullptr, size_t maxJsonBufferSize = DYNAMIC_JSON_DOCUMENT_SIZE);
-  #else
-    AsyncCallbackMessagePackWebHandler(const String& uri, ArMessagePackRequestHandlerFunction onRequest = nullptr);
-  #endif
+public:
+#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
+  AsyncCallbackMessagePackWebHandler(
+    const String &uri, ArMessagePackRequestHandlerFunction onRequest = nullptr, size_t maxJsonBufferSize = DYNAMIC_JSON_DOCUMENT_SIZE
+  );
+#else
+  AsyncCallbackMessagePackWebHandler(const String &uri, ArMessagePackRequestHandlerFunction onRequest = nullptr);
+#endif
 
-    void setMethod(WebRequestMethodComposite method) { _method = method; }
-    void setMaxContentLength(int maxContentLength) { _maxContentLength = maxContentLength; }
-    void onRequest(ArMessagePackRequestHandlerFunction fn) { _onRequest = fn; }
+  void setMethod(WebRequestMethodComposite method) {
+    _method = method;
+  }
+  void setMaxContentLength(int maxContentLength) {
+    _maxContentLength = maxContentLength;
+  }
+  void onRequest(ArMessagePackRequestHandlerFunction fn) {
+    _onRequest = fn;
+  }
 
-    bool canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) const override final;
-    void handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) override final;
-    void handleUpload(__unused AsyncWebServerRequest* request, __unused const String& filename, __unused size_t index, __unused uint8_t* data, __unused size_t len, __unused bool final) override final {}
-    void handleBody(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, uint8_t* data, size_t len, size_t index, size_t total) override final;
-    bool isRequestHandlerTrivial() const override final { return !_onRequest; }
+  bool canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) const override final;
+  void handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) override final;
+  void handleUpload(
+    __unused AsyncWebServerRequest *request, __unused const String &filename, __unused size_t index, __unused uint8_t *data, __unused size_t len,
+    __unused bool final
+  ) override final {}
+  void handleBody(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, uint8_t *data, size_t len, size_t index, size_t total) override final;
+  bool isRequestHandlerTrivial() const override final {
+    return !_onRequest;
+  }
 };
 
-#endif // ASYNC_MSG_PACK_SUPPORT == 1
+#endif  // ASYNC_MSG_PACK_SUPPORT == 1

src/AsyncWebHeader.cpp

@@ -1,22 +1,32 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
 #include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
 
-AsyncWebHeader::AsyncWebHeader(const String& data) {
-  if (!data)
+AsyncWebHeader::AsyncWebHeader(const String &data) {
+  if (!data) {
     return;
+  }
   int index = data.indexOf(':');
-  if (index < 0)
+  if (index < 0) {
     return;
+  }
   _name = data.substring(0, index);
   _value = data.substring(index + 2);
 }
 
 String AsyncWebHeader::toString() const {
   String str;
-  str.reserve(_name.length() + _value.length() + 2);
-  str.concat(_name);
-  str.concat((char)0x3a);
-  str.concat((char)0x20);
-  str.concat(_value);
-  str.concat(asyncsrv::T_rn);
+  if (str.reserve(_name.length() + _value.length() + 2)) {
+    str.concat(_name);
+    str.concat((char)0x3a);
+    str.concat((char)0x20);
+    str.concat(_value);
+    str.concat(asyncsrv::T_rn);
+  } else {
+#ifdef ESP32
+    log_e("Failed to allocate");
+#endif
+  }
   return str;
 }

src/AsyncWebServerVersion.h

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/** Major version number (X.x.x) */
+#define ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION_MAJOR 3
+/** Minor version number (x.X.x) */
+#define ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION_MINOR 7
+/** Patch version number (x.x.X) */
+#define ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION_PATCH 2
+
+/**
+ * Macro to convert version number into an integer
+ *
+ * To be used in comparisons, such as ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION >= ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION_VAL(2, 0, 0)
+ */
+#define ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION_VAL(major, minor, patch) ((major << 16) | (minor << 8) | (patch))
+
+/**
+ * Current version, as an integer
+ *
+ * To be used in comparisons, such as ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION_NUM >= ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION_VAL(2, 0, 0)
+ */
+#define ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION_NUM ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION_VAL(ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION_MAJOR, ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION_MINOR, ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION_PATCH)
+
+/**
+ * Current version, as string
+ */
+#define df2xstr(s)             #s
+#define df2str(s)              df2xstr(s)
+#define ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION df2str(ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION_MAJOR) "." df2str(ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION_MINOR) "." df2str(ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION_PATCH)
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif

src/AsyncWebSocket.h

@@ -1,43 +1,26 @@
-/*
-  Asynchronous WebServer library for Espressif MCUs
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
 
-  Copyright (c) 2016 Hristo Gochkov. All rights reserved.
-  This file is part of the esp8266 core for Arduino environment.
-
-  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
-  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
-  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
-  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
-
-  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
-  Lesser General Public License for more details.
-
-  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
-  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
-  Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
-*/
 #ifndef ASYNCWEBSOCKET_H_
 #define ASYNCWEBSOCKET_H_
 
 #include <Arduino.h>
 #ifdef ESP32
-  #include <AsyncTCP.h>
-  #include <mutex>
-  #ifndef WS_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES
-    #define WS_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES 32
-  #endif
+#include <AsyncTCP.h>
+#include <mutex>
+#ifndef WS_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES
+#define WS_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES 32
+#endif
 #elif defined(ESP8266)
-  #include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
-  #ifndef WS_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES
-    #define WS_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES 8
-  #endif
-#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040)
-  #include <AsyncTCP_RP2040W.h>
-  #ifndef WS_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES
-    #define WS_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES 32
-  #endif
+#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
+#ifndef WS_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES
+#define WS_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES 8
+#endif
+#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
+#ifndef WS_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES
+#define WS_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES 32
+#endif
 #endif
 
 #include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
@@ -45,18 +28,18 @@
 #include <memory>
 
 #ifdef ESP8266
-  #include <Hash.h>
-  #ifdef CRYPTO_HASH_h // include Hash.h from espressif framework if the first include was from the crypto library
-    #include <../src/Hash.h>
-  #endif
+#include <Hash.h>
+#ifdef CRYPTO_HASH_h  // include Hash.h from espressif framework if the first include was from the crypto library
+#include <../src/Hash.h>
+#endif
 #endif
 
 #ifndef DEFAULT_MAX_WS_CLIENTS
-  #ifdef ESP32
-    #define DEFAULT_MAX_WS_CLIENTS 8
-  #else
-    #define DEFAULT_MAX_WS_CLIENTS 4
-  #endif
+#ifdef ESP32
+#define DEFAULT_MAX_WS_CLIENTS 8
+#else
+#define DEFAULT_MAX_WS_CLIENTS 4
+#endif
 #endif
 
 using AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer = std::shared_ptr<std::vector<uint8_t>>;
@@ -67,311 +50,367 @@ class AsyncWebSocketClient;
 class AsyncWebSocketControl;
 
 typedef struct {
-    /** Message type as defined by enum AwsFrameType.
+  /** Message type as defined by enum AwsFrameType.
      * Note: Applications will only see WS_TEXT and WS_BINARY.
      * All other types are handled by the library. */
-    uint8_t message_opcode;
-    /** Frame number of a fragmented message. */
-    uint32_t num;
-    /** Is this the last frame in a fragmented message ?*/
-    uint8_t final;
-    /** Is this frame masked? */
-    uint8_t masked;
-    /** Message type as defined by enum AwsFrameType.
+  uint8_t message_opcode;
+  /** Frame number of a fragmented message. */
+  uint32_t num;
+  /** Is this the last frame in a fragmented message ?*/
+  uint8_t final;
+  /** Is this frame masked? */
+  uint8_t masked;
+  /** Message type as defined by enum AwsFrameType.
      * This value is the same as message_opcode for non-fragmented
      * messages, but may also be WS_CONTINUATION in a fragmented message. */
-    uint8_t opcode;
-    /** Length of the current frame.
+  uint8_t opcode;
+  /** Length of the current frame.
      * This equals the total length of the message if num == 0 && final == true */
-    uint64_t len;
-    /** Mask key */
-    uint8_t mask[4];
-    /** Offset of the data inside the current frame. */
-    uint64_t index;
+  uint64_t len;
+  /** Mask key */
+  uint8_t mask[4];
+  /** Offset of the data inside the current frame. */
+  uint64_t index;
 } AwsFrameInfo;
 
-typedef enum { WS_DISCONNECTED,
-               WS_CONNECTED,
-               WS_DISCONNECTING } AwsClientStatus;
-typedef enum { WS_CONTINUATION,
-               WS_TEXT,
-               WS_BINARY,
-               WS_DISCONNECT = 0x08,
-               WS_PING,
-               WS_PONG } AwsFrameType;
-typedef enum { WS_MSG_SENDING,
-               WS_MSG_SENT,
-               WS_MSG_ERROR } AwsMessageStatus;
-typedef enum { WS_EVT_CONNECT,
-               WS_EVT_DISCONNECT,
-               WS_EVT_PING,
-               WS_EVT_PONG,
-               WS_EVT_ERROR,
-               WS_EVT_DATA } AwsEventType;
+typedef enum {
+  WS_DISCONNECTED,
+  WS_CONNECTED,
+  WS_DISCONNECTING
+} AwsClientStatus;
+typedef enum {
+  WS_CONTINUATION,
+  WS_TEXT,
+  WS_BINARY,
+  WS_DISCONNECT = 0x08,
+  WS_PING,
+  WS_PONG
+} AwsFrameType;
+typedef enum {
+  WS_MSG_SENDING,
+  WS_MSG_SENT,
+  WS_MSG_ERROR
+} AwsMessageStatus;
+typedef enum {
+  WS_EVT_CONNECT,
+  WS_EVT_DISCONNECT,
+  WS_EVT_PING,
+  WS_EVT_PONG,
+  WS_EVT_ERROR,
+  WS_EVT_DATA
+} AwsEventType;
 
 class AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer {
-    friend AsyncWebSocket;
-    friend AsyncWebSocketClient;
+  friend AsyncWebSocket;
+  friend AsyncWebSocketClient;
 
-  private:
-    AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer _buffer;
+private:
+  AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer _buffer;
 
-  public:
-    AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer() {}
-    explicit AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer(size_t size);
-    AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer(const uint8_t* data, size_t size);
-    //~AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer();
-    bool reserve(size_t size);
-    uint8_t* get() { return _buffer->data(); }
-    size_t length() const { return _buffer->size(); }
+public:
+  AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer() {}
+  explicit AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer(size_t size);
+  AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer(const uint8_t *data, size_t size);
+  //~AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer();
+  bool reserve(size_t size);
+  uint8_t *get() {
+    return _buffer->data();
+  }
+  size_t length() const {
+    return _buffer->size();
+  }
 };
 
 class AsyncWebSocketMessage {
-  private:
-    AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer _WSbuffer;
-    uint8_t _opcode{WS_TEXT};
-    bool _mask{false};
-    AwsMessageStatus _status{WS_MSG_ERROR};
-    size_t _sent{};
-    size_t _ack{};
-    size_t _acked{};
+private:
+  AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer _WSbuffer;
+  uint8_t _opcode{WS_TEXT};
+  bool _mask{false};
+  AwsMessageStatus _status{WS_MSG_ERROR};
+  size_t _sent{};
+  size_t _ack{};
+  size_t _acked{};
 
-  public:
-    AsyncWebSocketMessage(AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer buffer, uint8_t opcode = WS_TEXT, bool mask = false);
+public:
+  AsyncWebSocketMessage(AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer buffer, uint8_t opcode = WS_TEXT, bool mask = false);
 
-    bool finished() const { return _status != WS_MSG_SENDING; }
-    bool betweenFrames() const { return _acked == _ack; }
+  bool finished() const {
+    return _status != WS_MSG_SENDING;
+  }
+  bool betweenFrames() const {
+    return _acked == _ack;
+  }
 
-    void ack(size_t len, uint32_t time);
-    size_t send(AsyncClient* client);
+  void ack(size_t len, uint32_t time);
+  size_t send(AsyncClient *client);
 };
 
 class AsyncWebSocketClient {
-  private:
-    AsyncClient* _client;
-    AsyncWebSocket* _server;
-    uint32_t _clientId;
-    AwsClientStatus _status;
+private:
+  AsyncClient *_client;
+  AsyncWebSocket *_server;
+  uint32_t _clientId;
+  AwsClientStatus _status;
 #ifdef ESP32
-    mutable std::mutex _lock;
+  mutable std::mutex _lock;
 #endif
-    std::deque<AsyncWebSocketControl> _controlQueue;
-    std::deque<AsyncWebSocketMessage> _messageQueue;
-    bool closeWhenFull = true;
+  std::deque<AsyncWebSocketControl> _controlQueue;
+  std::deque<AsyncWebSocketMessage> _messageQueue;
+  bool closeWhenFull = true;
 
-    uint8_t _pstate;
-    AwsFrameInfo _pinfo;
+  uint8_t _pstate;
+  AwsFrameInfo _pinfo;
 
-    uint32_t _lastMessageTime;
-    uint32_t _keepAlivePeriod;
+  uint32_t _lastMessageTime;
+  uint32_t _keepAlivePeriod;
 
-    bool _queueControl(uint8_t opcode, const uint8_t* data = NULL, size_t len = 0, bool mask = false);
-    bool _queueMessage(AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer buffer, uint8_t opcode = WS_TEXT, bool mask = false);
-    void _runQueue();
-    void _clearQueue();
+  bool _queueControl(uint8_t opcode, const uint8_t *data = NULL, size_t len = 0, bool mask = false);
+  bool _queueMessage(AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer buffer, uint8_t opcode = WS_TEXT, bool mask = false);
+  void _runQueue();
+  void _clearQueue();
 
-  public:
-    void* _tempObject;
+public:
+  void *_tempObject;
 
-    AsyncWebSocketClient(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, AsyncWebSocket* server);
-    ~AsyncWebSocketClient();
+  AsyncWebSocketClient(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, AsyncWebSocket *server);
+  ~AsyncWebSocketClient();
 
-    // client id increments for the given server
-    uint32_t id() const { return _clientId; }
-    AwsClientStatus status() const { return _status; }
-    AsyncClient* client() { return _client; }
-    const AsyncClient* client() const { return _client; }
-    AsyncWebSocket* server() { return _server; }
-    const AsyncWebSocket* server() const { return _server; }
-    AwsFrameInfo const& pinfo() const { return _pinfo; }
+  // client id increments for the given server
+  uint32_t id() const {
+    return _clientId;
+  }
+  AwsClientStatus status() const {
+    return _status;
+  }
+  AsyncClient *client() {
+    return _client;
+  }
+  const AsyncClient *client() const {
+    return _client;
+  }
+  AsyncWebSocket *server() {
+    return _server;
+  }
+  const AsyncWebSocket *server() const {
+    return _server;
+  }
+  AwsFrameInfo const &pinfo() const {
+    return _pinfo;
+  }
 
-    //  - If "true" (default), the connection will be closed if the message queue is full.
-    // This is the default behavior in yubox-node-org, which is not silently discarding messages but instead closes the connection.
-    // The big issue with this behavior is  that is can cause the UI to automatically re-create a new WS connection, which can be filled again,
-    // and so on, causing a resource exhaustion.
-    //
-    // - If "false", the incoming message will be discarded if the queue is full.
-    // This is the default behavior in the original ESPAsyncWebServer library from me-no-dev.
-    // This behavior allows the best performance at the expense of unreliable message delivery in case the queue is full (some messages may be lost).
-    //
-    // - In any case, when the queue is full, a message is logged.
-    // - IT is recommended to use the methods queueIsFull(), availableForWriteAll(), availableForWrite(clientId) to check if the queue is full before sending a message.
-    //
-    // Usage:
-    //  - can be set in the onEvent listener when connecting (event type is: WS_EVT_CONNECT)
-    //
-    // Use cases:,
-    // - if using websocket to send logging messages, maybe some loss is acceptable.
-    // - But if using websocket to send UI update messages, maybe the connection should be closed and the UI redrawn.
-    void setCloseClientOnQueueFull(bool close) { closeWhenFull = close; }
-    bool willCloseClientOnQueueFull() const { return closeWhenFull; }
+  //  - If "true" (default), the connection will be closed if the message queue is full.
+  // This is the default behavior in yubox-node-org, which is not silently discarding messages but instead closes the connection.
+  // The big issue with this behavior is  that is can cause the UI to automatically re-create a new WS connection, which can be filled again,
+  // and so on, causing a resource exhaustion.
+  //
+  // - If "false", the incoming message will be discarded if the queue is full.
+  // This is the default behavior in the original ESPAsyncWebServer library from me-no-dev.
+  // This behavior allows the best performance at the expense of unreliable message delivery in case the queue is full (some messages may be lost).
+  //
+  // - In any case, when the queue is full, a message is logged.
+  // - IT is recommended to use the methods queueIsFull(), availableForWriteAll(), availableForWrite(clientId) to check if the queue is full before sending a message.
+  //
+  // Usage:
+  //  - can be set in the onEvent listener when connecting (event type is: WS_EVT_CONNECT)
+  //
+  // Use cases:,
+  // - if using websocket to send logging messages, maybe some loss is acceptable.
+  // - But if using websocket to send UI update messages, maybe the connection should be closed and the UI redrawn.
+  void setCloseClientOnQueueFull(bool close) {
+    closeWhenFull = close;
+  }
+  bool willCloseClientOnQueueFull() const {
+    return closeWhenFull;
+  }
 
-    IPAddress remoteIP() const;
-    uint16_t remotePort() const;
+  IPAddress remoteIP() const;
+  uint16_t remotePort() const;
 
-    bool shouldBeDeleted() const { return !_client; }
+  bool shouldBeDeleted() const {
+    return !_client;
+  }
 
-    // control frames
-    void close(uint16_t code = 0, const char* message = NULL);
-    bool ping(const uint8_t* data = NULL, size_t len = 0);
+  // control frames
+  void close(uint16_t code = 0, const char *message = NULL);
+  bool ping(const uint8_t *data = NULL, size_t len = 0);
 
-    // set auto-ping period in seconds. disabled if zero (default)
-    void keepAlivePeriod(uint16_t seconds) {
-      _keepAlivePeriod = seconds * 1000;
-    }
-    uint16_t keepAlivePeriod() {
-      return (uint16_t)(_keepAlivePeriod / 1000);
-    }
+  // set auto-ping period in seconds. disabled if zero (default)
+  void keepAlivePeriod(uint16_t seconds) {
+    _keepAlivePeriod = seconds * 1000;
+  }
+  uint16_t keepAlivePeriod() {
+    return (uint16_t)(_keepAlivePeriod / 1000);
+  }
 
-    // data packets
-    void message(AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer buffer, uint8_t opcode = WS_TEXT, bool mask = false) { _queueMessage(buffer, opcode, mask); }
-    bool queueIsFull() const;
-    size_t queueLen() const;
+  // data packets
+  void message(AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer buffer, uint8_t opcode = WS_TEXT, bool mask = false) {
+    _queueMessage(buffer, opcode, mask);
+  }
+  bool queueIsFull() const;
+  size_t queueLen() const;
 
-    size_t printf(const char* format, ...) __attribute__((format(printf, 2, 3)));
+  size_t printf(const char *format, ...) __attribute__((format(printf, 2, 3)));
 
-    bool text(AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer buffer);
-    bool text(const uint8_t* message, size_t len);
-    bool text(const char* message, size_t len);
-    bool text(const char* message);
-    bool text(const String& message);
-    bool text(AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer* buffer);
+  bool text(AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer buffer);
+  bool text(const uint8_t *message, size_t len);
+  bool text(const char *message, size_t len);
+  bool text(const char *message);
+  bool text(const String &message);
+  bool text(AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer *buffer);
 
-    bool binary(AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer buffer);
-    bool binary(const uint8_t* message, size_t len);
-    bool binary(const char* message, size_t len);
-    bool binary(const char* message);
-    bool binary(const String& message);
-    bool binary(AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer* buffer);
+  bool binary(AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer buffer);
+  bool binary(const uint8_t *message, size_t len);
+  bool binary(const char *message, size_t len);
+  bool binary(const char *message);
+  bool binary(const String &message);
+  bool binary(AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer *buffer);
 
-    bool canSend() const;
+  bool canSend() const;
 
-    // system callbacks (do not call)
-    void _onAck(size_t len, uint32_t time);
-    void _onError(int8_t);
-    void _onPoll();
-    void _onTimeout(uint32_t time);
-    void _onDisconnect();
-    void _onData(void* pbuf, size_t plen);
+  // system callbacks (do not call)
+  void _onAck(size_t len, uint32_t time);
+  void _onError(int8_t);
+  void _onPoll();
+  void _onTimeout(uint32_t time);
+  void _onDisconnect();
+  void _onData(void *pbuf, size_t plen);
 
 #ifdef ESP8266
-    size_t printf_P(PGM_P formatP, ...) __attribute__((format(printf, 2, 3)));
-    bool text(const __FlashStringHelper* message);
-    bool binary(const __FlashStringHelper* message, size_t len);
+  size_t printf_P(PGM_P formatP, ...) __attribute__((format(printf, 2, 3)));
+  bool text(const __FlashStringHelper *message);
+  bool binary(const __FlashStringHelper *message, size_t len);
 #endif
 };
 
-using AwsHandshakeHandler = std::function<bool(AsyncWebServerRequest* request)>;
-using AwsEventHandler = std::function<void(AsyncWebSocket* server, AsyncWebSocketClient* client, AwsEventType type, void* arg, uint8_t* data, size_t len)>;
+using AwsHandshakeHandler = std::function<bool(AsyncWebServerRequest *request)>;
+using AwsEventHandler = std::function<void(AsyncWebSocket *server, AsyncWebSocketClient *client, AwsEventType type, void *arg, uint8_t *data, size_t len)>;
 
 // WebServer Handler implementation that plays the role of a socket server
 class AsyncWebSocket : public AsyncWebHandler {
-  private:
-    String _url;
-    std::list<AsyncWebSocketClient> _clients;
-    uint32_t _cNextId;
-    AwsEventHandler _eventHandler{nullptr};
-    AwsHandshakeHandler _handshakeHandler;
-    bool _enabled;
+private:
+  String _url;
+  std::list<AsyncWebSocketClient> _clients;
+  uint32_t _cNextId;
+  AwsEventHandler _eventHandler{nullptr};
+  AwsHandshakeHandler _handshakeHandler;
+  bool _enabled;
 #ifdef ESP32
-    mutable std::mutex _lock;
+  mutable std::mutex _lock;
 #endif
 
-  public:
-    typedef enum {
-      DISCARDED = 0,
-      ENQUEUED = 1,
-      PARTIALLY_ENQUEUED = 2,
-    } SendStatus;
+public:
+  typedef enum {
+    DISCARDED = 0,
+    ENQUEUED = 1,
+    PARTIALLY_ENQUEUED = 2,
+  } SendStatus;
 
-    explicit AsyncWebSocket(const char* url) : _url(url), _cNextId(1), _enabled(true) {}
-    AsyncWebSocket(const String& url) : _url(url), _cNextId(1), _enabled(true) {}
-    ~AsyncWebSocket() {};
-    const char* url() const { return _url.c_str(); }
-    void enable(bool e) { _enabled = e; }
-    bool enabled() const { return _enabled; }
-    bool availableForWriteAll();
-    bool availableForWrite(uint32_t id);
+  explicit AsyncWebSocket(const char *url) : _url(url), _cNextId(1), _enabled(true) {}
+  AsyncWebSocket(const String &url) : _url(url), _cNextId(1), _enabled(true) {}
+  ~AsyncWebSocket(){};
+  const char *url() const {
+    return _url.c_str();
+  }
+  void enable(bool e) {
+    _enabled = e;
+  }
+  bool enabled() const {
+    return _enabled;
+  }
+  bool availableForWriteAll();
+  bool availableForWrite(uint32_t id);
 
-    size_t count() const;
-    AsyncWebSocketClient* client(uint32_t id);
-    bool hasClient(uint32_t id) { return client(id) != nullptr; }
+  size_t count() const;
+  AsyncWebSocketClient *client(uint32_t id);
+  bool hasClient(uint32_t id) {
+    return client(id) != nullptr;
+  }
 
-    void close(uint32_t id, uint16_t code = 0, const char* message = NULL);
-    void closeAll(uint16_t code = 0, const char* message = NULL);
-    void cleanupClients(uint16_t maxClients = DEFAULT_MAX_WS_CLIENTS);
+  void close(uint32_t id, uint16_t code = 0, const char *message = NULL);
+  void closeAll(uint16_t code = 0, const char *message = NULL);
+  void cleanupClients(uint16_t maxClients = DEFAULT_MAX_WS_CLIENTS);
 
-    bool ping(uint32_t id, const uint8_t* data = NULL, size_t len = 0);
-    SendStatus pingAll(const uint8_t* data = NULL, size_t len = 0); //  done
+  bool ping(uint32_t id, const uint8_t *data = NULL, size_t len = 0);
+  SendStatus pingAll(const uint8_t *data = NULL, size_t len = 0);  //  done
 
-    bool text(uint32_t id, const uint8_t* message, size_t len);
-    bool text(uint32_t id, const char* message, size_t len);
-    bool text(uint32_t id, const char* message);
-    bool text(uint32_t id, const String& message);
-    bool text(uint32_t id, AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer* buffer);
-    bool text(uint32_t id, AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer buffer);
+  bool text(uint32_t id, const uint8_t *message, size_t len);
+  bool text(uint32_t id, const char *message, size_t len);
+  bool text(uint32_t id, const char *message);
+  bool text(uint32_t id, const String &message);
+  bool text(uint32_t id, AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer *buffer);
+  bool text(uint32_t id, AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer buffer);
 
-    SendStatus textAll(const uint8_t* message, size_t len);
-    SendStatus textAll(const char* message, size_t len);
-    SendStatus textAll(const char* message);
-    SendStatus textAll(const String& message);
-    SendStatus textAll(AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer* buffer);
-    SendStatus textAll(AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer buffer);
+  SendStatus textAll(const uint8_t *message, size_t len);
+  SendStatus textAll(const char *message, size_t len);
+  SendStatus textAll(const char *message);
+  SendStatus textAll(const String &message);
+  SendStatus textAll(AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer *buffer);
+  SendStatus textAll(AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer buffer);
 
-    bool binary(uint32_t id, const uint8_t* message, size_t len);
-    bool binary(uint32_t id, const char* message, size_t len);
-    bool binary(uint32_t id, const char* message);
-    bool binary(uint32_t id, const String& message);
-    bool binary(uint32_t id, AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer* buffer);
-    bool binary(uint32_t id, AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer buffer);
+  bool binary(uint32_t id, const uint8_t *message, size_t len);
+  bool binary(uint32_t id, const char *message, size_t len);
+  bool binary(uint32_t id, const char *message);
+  bool binary(uint32_t id, const String &message);
+  bool binary(uint32_t id, AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer *buffer);
+  bool binary(uint32_t id, AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer buffer);
 
-    SendStatus binaryAll(const uint8_t* message, size_t len);
-    SendStatus binaryAll(const char* message, size_t len);
-    SendStatus binaryAll(const char* message);
-    SendStatus binaryAll(const String& message);
-    SendStatus binaryAll(AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer* buffer);
-    SendStatus binaryAll(AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer buffer);
+  SendStatus binaryAll(const uint8_t *message, size_t len);
+  SendStatus binaryAll(const char *message, size_t len);
+  SendStatus binaryAll(const char *message);
+  SendStatus binaryAll(const String &message);
+  SendStatus binaryAll(AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer *buffer);
+  SendStatus binaryAll(AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer buffer);
 
-    size_t printf(uint32_t id, const char* format, ...) __attribute__((format(printf, 3, 4)));
-    size_t printfAll(const char* format, ...) __attribute__((format(printf, 2, 3)));
+  size_t printf(uint32_t id, const char *format, ...) __attribute__((format(printf, 3, 4)));
+  size_t printfAll(const char *format, ...) __attribute__((format(printf, 2, 3)));
 
 #ifdef ESP8266
-    bool text(uint32_t id, const __FlashStringHelper* message);
-    SendStatus textAll(const __FlashStringHelper* message);
-    bool binary(uint32_t id, const __FlashStringHelper* message, size_t len);
-    SendStatus binaryAll(const __FlashStringHelper* message, size_t len);
-    size_t printf_P(uint32_t id, PGM_P formatP, ...) __attribute__((format(printf, 3, 4)));
-    size_t printfAll_P(PGM_P formatP, ...) __attribute__((format(printf, 2, 3)));
+  bool text(uint32_t id, const __FlashStringHelper *message);
+  SendStatus textAll(const __FlashStringHelper *message);
+  bool binary(uint32_t id, const __FlashStringHelper *message, size_t len);
+  SendStatus binaryAll(const __FlashStringHelper *message, size_t len);
+  size_t printf_P(uint32_t id, PGM_P formatP, ...) __attribute__((format(printf, 3, 4)));
+  size_t printfAll_P(PGM_P formatP, ...) __attribute__((format(printf, 2, 3)));
 #endif
 
-    void onEvent(AwsEventHandler handler) { _eventHandler = handler; }
-    void handleHandshake(AwsHandshakeHandler handler) { _handshakeHandler = handler; }
+  void onEvent(AwsEventHandler handler) {
+    _eventHandler = handler;
+  }
+  void handleHandshake(AwsHandshakeHandler handler) {
+    _handshakeHandler = handler;
+  }
 
-    // system callbacks (do not call)
-    uint32_t _getNextId() { return _cNextId++; }
-    AsyncWebSocketClient* _newClient(AsyncWebServerRequest* request);
-    void _handleEvent(AsyncWebSocketClient* client, AwsEventType type, void* arg, uint8_t* data, size_t len);
-    bool canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) const override final;
-    void handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) override final;
+  // system callbacks (do not call)
+  uint32_t _getNextId() {
+    return _cNextId++;
+  }
+  AsyncWebSocketClient *_newClient(AsyncWebServerRequest *request);
+  void _handleEvent(AsyncWebSocketClient *client, AwsEventType type, void *arg, uint8_t *data, size_t len);
+  bool canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) const override final;
+  void handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) override final;
 
-    //  messagebuffer functions/objects.
-    AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer* makeBuffer(size_t size = 0);
-    AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer* makeBuffer(const uint8_t* data, size_t size);
+  //  messagebuffer functions/objects.
+  AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer *makeBuffer(size_t size = 0);
+  AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer *makeBuffer(const uint8_t *data, size_t size);
 
-    std::list<AsyncWebSocketClient>& getClients() { return _clients; }
+  std::list<AsyncWebSocketClient> &getClients() {
+    return _clients;
+  }
 };
 
 // WebServer response to authenticate the socket and detach the tcp client from the web server request
 class AsyncWebSocketResponse : public AsyncWebServerResponse {
-  private:
-    String _content;
-    AsyncWebSocket* _server;
+private:
+  String _content;
+  AsyncWebSocket *_server;
 
-  public:
-    AsyncWebSocketResponse(const String& key, AsyncWebSocket* server);
-    void _respond(AsyncWebServerRequest* request);
-    size_t _ack(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, size_t len, uint32_t time);
-    bool _sourceValid() const { return true; }
+public:
+  AsyncWebSocketResponse(const String &key, AsyncWebSocket *server);
+  void _respond(AsyncWebServerRequest *request);
+  size_t _ack(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, size_t len, uint32_t time);
+  bool _sourceValid() const {
+    return true;
+  }
 };
 
 #endif /* ASYNCWEBSOCKET_H_ */

src/BackPort_SHA1Builder.cpp

@@ -281,4 +281,4 @@ void SHA1Builder::getBytes(uint8_t *output) {
   memcpy(output, hash, SHA1_HASH_SIZE);
 }
 
-#endif // ESP_IDF_VERSION_MAJOR < 5
+#endif  // ESP_IDF_VERSION_MAJOR < 5

src/BackPort_SHA1Builder.h

@@ -24,21 +24,21 @@
 #define SHA1_HASH_SIZE 20
 
 class SHA1Builder {
-  private:
-    uint32_t total[2];            /* number of bytes processed  */
-    uint32_t state[5];            /* intermediate digest state  */
-    unsigned char buffer[64];     /* data block being processed */
-    uint8_t hash[SHA1_HASH_SIZE]; /* SHA-1 result               */
+private:
+  uint32_t total[2];            /* number of bytes processed  */
+  uint32_t state[5];            /* intermediate digest state  */
+  unsigned char buffer[64];     /* data block being processed */
+  uint8_t hash[SHA1_HASH_SIZE]; /* SHA-1 result               */
 
-    void process(const uint8_t* data);
+  void process(const uint8_t *data);
 
-  public:
-    void begin();
-    void add(const uint8_t* data, size_t len);
-    void calculate();
-    void getBytes(uint8_t* output);
+public:
+  void begin();
+  void add(const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
+  void calculate();
+  void getBytes(uint8_t *output);
 };
 
-#endif // SHA1Builder_h
+#endif  // SHA1Builder_h
 
-#endif // ESP_IDF_VERSION_MAJOR < 5
+#endif  // ESP_IDF_VERSION_MAJOR < 5

src/ChunkPrint.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
 #include <ChunkPrint.h>
 
-ChunkPrint::ChunkPrint(uint8_t* destination, size_t from, size_t len)
-    : _destination(destination), _to_skip(from), _to_write(len), _pos{0} {}
+ChunkPrint::ChunkPrint(uint8_t *destination, size_t from, size_t len) : _destination(destination), _to_skip(from), _to_write(len), _pos{0} {}
 
 size_t ChunkPrint::write(uint8_t c) {
   if (_to_skip > 0) {
@@ -13,4 +15,4 @@ size_t ChunkPrint::write(uint8_t c) {
     return 1;
   }
   return 0;
-}
+}

src/ChunkPrint.h

@@ -1,18 +1,23 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
 #ifndef CHUNKPRINT_H
 #define CHUNKPRINT_H
 
 #include <Print.h>
 
 class ChunkPrint : public Print {
-  private:
-    uint8_t* _destination;
-    size_t _to_skip;
-    size_t _to_write;
-    size_t _pos;
+private:
+  uint8_t *_destination;
+  size_t _to_skip;
+  size_t _to_write;
+  size_t _pos;
 
-  public:
-    ChunkPrint(uint8_t* destination, size_t from, size_t len);
-    size_t write(uint8_t c);
-    size_t write(const uint8_t* buffer, size_t size) { return this->Print::write(buffer, size); }
+public:
+  ChunkPrint(uint8_t *destination, size_t from, size_t len);
+  size_t write(uint8_t c);
+  size_t write(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) {
+    return this->Print::write(buffer, size);
+  }
 };
 #endif

src/Middleware.cpp

@@ -1,70 +1,85 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
 #include "WebAuthentication.h"
 #include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
 
 AsyncMiddlewareChain::~AsyncMiddlewareChain() {
-  for (AsyncMiddleware* m : _middlewares)
-    if (m->_freeOnRemoval)
+  for (AsyncMiddleware *m : _middlewares) {
+    if (m->_freeOnRemoval) {
       delete m;
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 void AsyncMiddlewareChain::addMiddleware(ArMiddlewareCallback fn) {
-  AsyncMiddlewareFunction* m = new AsyncMiddlewareFunction(fn);
+  AsyncMiddlewareFunction *m = new AsyncMiddlewareFunction(fn);
   m->_freeOnRemoval = true;
   _middlewares.emplace_back(m);
 }
 
-void AsyncMiddlewareChain::addMiddleware(AsyncMiddleware* middleware) {
-  if (middleware)
+void AsyncMiddlewareChain::addMiddleware(AsyncMiddleware *middleware) {
+  if (middleware) {
     _middlewares.emplace_back(middleware);
+  }
 }
 
-void AsyncMiddlewareChain::addMiddlewares(std::vector<AsyncMiddleware*> middlewares) {
-  for (AsyncMiddleware* m : middlewares)
+void AsyncMiddlewareChain::addMiddlewares(std::vector<AsyncMiddleware *> middlewares) {
+  for (AsyncMiddleware *m : middlewares) {
     addMiddleware(m);
+  }
 }
 
-bool AsyncMiddlewareChain::removeMiddleware(AsyncMiddleware* middleware) {
+bool AsyncMiddlewareChain::removeMiddleware(AsyncMiddleware *middleware) {
   // remove all middlewares from _middlewares vector being equal to middleware, delete them having _freeOnRemoval flag to true and resize the vector.
   const size_t size = _middlewares.size();
-  _middlewares.erase(std::remove_if(_middlewares.begin(), _middlewares.end(), [middleware](AsyncMiddleware* m) {
-                       if (m == middleware) {
-                         if (m->_freeOnRemoval)
-                           delete m;
-                         return true;
-                       }
-                       return false;
-                     }),
-                     _middlewares.end());
+  _middlewares.erase(
+    std::remove_if(
+      _middlewares.begin(), _middlewares.end(),
+      [middleware](AsyncMiddleware *m) {
+        if (m == middleware) {
+          if (m->_freeOnRemoval) {
+            delete m;
+          }
+          return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+      }
+    ),
+    _middlewares.end()
+  );
   return size != _middlewares.size();
 }
 
-void AsyncMiddlewareChain::_runChain(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, ArMiddlewareNext finalizer) {
-  if (!_middlewares.size())
+void AsyncMiddlewareChain::_runChain(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ArMiddlewareNext finalizer) {
+  if (!_middlewares.size()) {
     return finalizer();
+  }
   ArMiddlewareNext next;
-  std::list<AsyncMiddleware*>::iterator it = _middlewares.begin();
+  std::list<AsyncMiddleware *>::iterator it = _middlewares.begin();
   next = [this, &next, &it, request, finalizer]() {
-    if (it == _middlewares.end())
+    if (it == _middlewares.end()) {
       return finalizer();
-    AsyncMiddleware* m = *it;
+    }
+    AsyncMiddleware *m = *it;
     it++;
     return m->run(request, next);
   };
   return next();
 }
 
-void AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware::setUsername(const char* username) {
+void AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware::setUsername(const char *username) {
   _username = username;
   _hasCreds = _username.length() && _credentials.length();
 }
 
-void AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware::setPassword(const char* password) {
+void AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware::setPassword(const char *password) {
   _credentials = password;
   _hash = false;
   _hasCreds = _username.length() && _credentials.length();
 }
 
-void AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware::setPasswordHash(const char* hash) {
+void AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware::setPasswordHash(const char *hash) {
   _credentials = hash;
   _hash = _credentials.length();
   _hasCreds = _username.length() && _credentials.length();
@@ -72,71 +87,86 @@ void AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware::setPasswordHash(const char* hash) {
 
 bool AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware::generateHash() {
   // ensure we have all the necessary data
-  if (!_hasCreds)
+  if (!_hasCreds) {
     return false;
+  }
 
   // if we already have a hash, do nothing
-  if (_hash)
+  if (_hash) {
     return false;
+  }
 
   switch (_authMethod) {
     case AsyncAuthType::AUTH_DIGEST:
       _credentials = generateDigestHash(_username.c_str(), _credentials.c_str(), _realm.c_str());
-      _hash = true;
-      return true;
+      if (_credentials.length()) {
+        _hash = true;
+        return true;
+      } else {
+        return false;
+      }
 
     case AsyncAuthType::AUTH_BASIC:
       _credentials = generateBasicHash(_username.c_str(), _credentials.c_str());
-      _hash = true;
-      return true;
+      if (_credentials.length()) {
+        _hash = true;
+        return true;
+      } else {
+        return false;
+      }
 
-    default:
-      return false;
+    default: return false;
   }
 }
 
-bool AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware::allowed(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) const {
-  if (_authMethod == AsyncAuthType::AUTH_NONE)
+bool AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware::allowed(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) const {
+  if (_authMethod == AsyncAuthType::AUTH_NONE) {
     return true;
+  }
 
-  if (_authMethod == AsyncAuthType::AUTH_DENIED)
+  if (_authMethod == AsyncAuthType::AUTH_DENIED) {
     return false;
+  }
 
-  if (!_hasCreds)
+  if (!_hasCreds) {
     return true;
+  }
 
   return request->authenticate(_username.c_str(), _credentials.c_str(), _realm.c_str(), _hash);
 }
 
-void AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware::run(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, ArMiddlewareNext next) {
+void AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware::run(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ArMiddlewareNext next) {
   return allowed(request) ? next() : request->requestAuthentication(_authMethod, _realm.c_str(), _authFailMsg.c_str());
 }
 
-void AsyncHeaderFreeMiddleware::run(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, ArMiddlewareNext next) {
-  std::vector<const char*> reqHeaders;
-  request->getHeaderNames(reqHeaders);
-  for (const char* h : reqHeaders) {
+void AsyncHeaderFreeMiddleware::run(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ArMiddlewareNext next) {
+  std::list<const char *> toRemove;
+  for (auto &h : request->getHeaders()) {
     bool keep = false;
-    for (const char* k : _toKeep) {
-      if (strcasecmp(h, k) == 0) {
+    for (const char *k : _toKeep) {
+      if (strcasecmp(h.name().c_str(), k) == 0) {
         keep = true;
         break;
       }
     }
     if (!keep) {
-      request->removeHeader(h);
+      toRemove.push_back(h.name().c_str());
     }
   }
+  for (const char *h : toRemove) {
+    request->removeHeader(h);
+  }
   next();
 }
 
-void AsyncHeaderFilterMiddleware::run(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, ArMiddlewareNext next) {
-  for (auto it = _toRemove.begin(); it != _toRemove.end(); ++it)
+void AsyncHeaderFilterMiddleware::run(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ArMiddlewareNext next) {
+  for (auto it = _toRemove.begin(); it != _toRemove.end(); ++it) {
     request->removeHeader(*it);
+  }
   next();
 }
 
-void AsyncLoggingMiddleware::run(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, ArMiddlewareNext next) {
+void AsyncLoggingMiddleware::run(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ArMiddlewareNext next) {
   if (!isEnabled()) {
     next();
     return;
@@ -152,7 +182,7 @@ void AsyncLoggingMiddleware::run(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, ArMiddlewareNex
   _out->print(request->url().c_str());
   _out->print(F(" HTTP/1."));
   _out->println(request->version());
-  for (auto& h : request->getHeaders()) {
+  for (auto &h : request->getHeaders()) {
     if (h.value().length()) {
       _out->print('>');
       _out->print(' ');
@@ -166,7 +196,7 @@ void AsyncLoggingMiddleware::run(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, ArMiddlewareNex
   uint32_t elapsed = millis();
   next();
   elapsed = millis() - elapsed;
-  AsyncWebServerResponse* response = request->getResponse();
+  AsyncWebServerResponse *response = request->getResponse();
   if (response) {
     _out->print(F("* Processed in "));
     _out->print(elapsed);
@@ -178,7 +208,7 @@ void AsyncLoggingMiddleware::run(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, ArMiddlewareNex
     _out->print(response->code());
     _out->print(' ');
     _out->println(AsyncWebServerResponse::responseCodeToString(response->code()));
-    for (auto& h : response->getHeaders()) {
+    for (auto &h : response->getHeaders()) {
       if (h.value().length()) {
         _out->print('<');
         _out->print(' ');
@@ -194,7 +224,7 @@ void AsyncLoggingMiddleware::run(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, ArMiddlewareNex
   }
 }
 
-void AsyncCorsMiddleware::addCORSHeaders(AsyncWebServerResponse* response) {
+void AsyncCorsMiddleware::addCORSHeaders(AsyncWebServerResponse *response) {
   response->addHeader(asyncsrv::T_CORS_ACAO, _origin.c_str());
   response->addHeader(asyncsrv::T_CORS_ACAM, _methods.c_str());
   response->addHeader(asyncsrv::T_CORS_ACAH, _headers.c_str());
@@ -202,12 +232,12 @@ void AsyncCorsMiddleware::addCORSHeaders(AsyncWebServerResponse* response) {
   response->addHeader(asyncsrv::T_CORS_ACMA, String(_maxAge).c_str());
 }
 
-void AsyncCorsMiddleware::run(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, ArMiddlewareNext next) {
+void AsyncCorsMiddleware::run(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ArMiddlewareNext next) {
   // Origin header ? => CORS handling
   if (request->hasHeader(asyncsrv::T_CORS_O)) {
     // check if this is a preflight request => handle it and return
     if (request->method() == HTTP_OPTIONS) {
-      AsyncWebServerResponse* response = request->beginResponse(200);
+      AsyncWebServerResponse *response = request->beginResponse(200);
       addCORSHeaders(response);
       request->send(response);
       return;
@@ -215,7 +245,7 @@ void AsyncCorsMiddleware::run(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, ArMiddlewareNext n
 
     // CORS request, no options => let the request pass and add CORS headers after
     next();
-    AsyncWebServerResponse* response = request->getResponse();
+    AsyncWebServerResponse *response = request->getResponse();
     if (response) {
       addCORSHeaders(response);
     }
@@ -226,11 +256,12 @@ void AsyncCorsMiddleware::run(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, ArMiddlewareNext n
   }
 }
 
-bool AsyncRateLimitMiddleware::isRequestAllowed(uint32_t& retryAfterSeconds) {
+bool AsyncRateLimitMiddleware::isRequestAllowed(uint32_t &retryAfterSeconds) {
   uint32_t now = millis();
 
-  while (!_requestTimes.empty() && _requestTimes.front() <= now - _windowSizeMillis)
+  while (!_requestTimes.empty() && _requestTimes.front() <= now - _windowSizeMillis) {
     _requestTimes.pop_front();
+  }
 
   _requestTimes.push_back(now);
 
@@ -244,12 +275,12 @@ bool AsyncRateLimitMiddleware::isRequestAllowed(uint32_t& retryAfterSeconds) {
   return true;
 }
 
-void AsyncRateLimitMiddleware::run(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, ArMiddlewareNext next) {
+void AsyncRateLimitMiddleware::run(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ArMiddlewareNext next) {
   uint32_t retryAfterSeconds;
   if (isRequestAllowed(retryAfterSeconds)) {
     next();
   } else {
-    AsyncWebServerResponse* response = request->beginResponse(429);
+    AsyncWebServerResponse *response = request->beginResponse(429);
     response->addHeader(asyncsrv::T_retry_after, retryAfterSeconds);
     request->send(response);
   }

src/WebAuthentication.cpp

@@ -1,29 +1,12 @@
-/*
-  Asynchronous WebServer library for Espressif MCUs
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
 
-  Copyright (c) 2016 Hristo Gochkov. All rights reserved.
-  This file is part of the esp8266 core for Arduino environment.
-
-  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
-  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
-  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
-  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
-
-  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
-  Lesser General Public License for more details.
-
-  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
-  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
-  Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
-*/
 #include "WebAuthentication.h"
 #include <libb64/cencode.h>
-#if defined(ESP32) || defined(TARGET_RP2040)
-  #include <MD5Builder.h>
+#if defined(ESP32) || defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <MD5Builder.h>
 #else
-  #include "md5.h"
+#include "md5.h"
 #endif
 #include "literals.h"
 
@@ -31,23 +14,25 @@ using namespace asyncsrv;
 
 // Basic Auth hash = base64("username:password")
 
-bool checkBasicAuthentication(const char* hash, const char* username, const char* password) {
-  if (username == NULL || password == NULL || hash == NULL)
+bool checkBasicAuthentication(const char *hash, const char *username, const char *password) {
+  if (username == NULL || password == NULL || hash == NULL) {
     return false;
+  }
   return generateBasicHash(username, password).equalsIgnoreCase(hash);
 }
 
-String generateBasicHash(const char* username, const char* password) {
-  if (username == NULL || password == NULL)
+String generateBasicHash(const char *username, const char *password) {
+  if (username == NULL || password == NULL) {
     return emptyString;
+  }
 
   size_t toencodeLen = strlen(username) + strlen(password) + 1;
 
-  char* toencode = new char[toencodeLen + 1];
+  char *toencode = new char[toencodeLen + 1];
   if (toencode == NULL) {
     return emptyString;
   }
-  char* encoded = new char[base64_encode_expected_len(toencodeLen) + 1];
+  char *encoded = new char[base64_encode_expected_len(toencodeLen) + 1];
   if (encoded == NULL) {
     delete[] toencode;
     return emptyString;
@@ -64,8 +49,8 @@ String generateBasicHash(const char* username, const char* password) {
   return emptyString;
 }
 
-static bool getMD5(uint8_t* data, uint16_t len, char* output) { // 33 bytes or more
-#if defined(ESP32) || defined(TARGET_RP2040)
+static bool getMD5(uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, char *output) {  // 33 bytes or more
+#if defined(ESP32) || defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
   MD5Builder md5;
   md5.begin();
   md5.add(data, len);
@@ -74,9 +59,10 @@ static bool getMD5(uint8_t* data, uint16_t len, char* output) { // 33 bytes or m
 #else
   md5_context_t _ctx;
 
-  uint8_t* _buf = (uint8_t*)malloc(16);
-  if (_buf == NULL)
+  uint8_t *_buf = (uint8_t *)malloc(16);
+  if (_buf == NULL) {
     return false;
+  }
   memset(_buf, 0x00, 16);
 
   MD5Init(&_ctx);
@@ -98,49 +84,77 @@ String genRandomMD5() {
 #else
   uint32_t r = rand();
 #endif
-  char* out = (char*)malloc(33);
-  if (out == NULL || !getMD5((uint8_t*)(&r), 4, out))
+  char *out = (char *)malloc(33);
+  if (out == NULL || !getMD5((uint8_t *)(&r), 4, out)) {
+#ifdef ESP32
+    log_e("Failed to allocate");
+#endif
     return emptyString;
+  }
   String res = String(out);
   free(out);
   return res;
 }
 
-static String stringMD5(const String& in) {
-  char* out = (char*)malloc(33);
-  if (out == NULL || !getMD5((uint8_t*)(in.c_str()), in.length(), out))
+static String stringMD5(const String &in) {
+  char *out = (char *)malloc(33);
+  if (out == NULL || !getMD5((uint8_t *)(in.c_str()), in.length(), out)) {
+#ifdef ESP32
+    log_e("Failed to allocate");
+#endif
     return emptyString;
+  }
   String res = String(out);
   free(out);
   return res;
 }
 
-String generateDigestHash(const char* username, const char* password, const char* realm) {
+String generateDigestHash(const char *username, const char *password, const char *realm) {
   if (username == NULL || password == NULL || realm == NULL) {
     return emptyString;
   }
-  char* out = (char*)malloc(33);
+  char *out = (char *)malloc(33);
+  if (out == NULL) {
+#ifdef ESP32
+    log_e("Failed to allocate");
+#endif
+    return emptyString;
+  }
 
   String in;
-  in.reserve(strlen(username) + strlen(realm) + strlen(password) + 2);
+  if (!in.reserve(strlen(username) + strlen(realm) + strlen(password) + 2)) {
+#ifdef ESP32
+    log_e("Failed to allocate");
+#endif
+    free(out);
+    return emptyString;
+  }
+
   in.concat(username);
   in.concat(':');
   in.concat(realm);
   in.concat(':');
   in.concat(password);
 
-  if (out == NULL || !getMD5((uint8_t*)(in.c_str()), in.length(), out))
+  if (!getMD5((uint8_t *)(in.c_str()), in.length(), out)) {
+#ifdef ESP32
+    log_e("Failed to allocate");
+#endif
+    free(out);
     return emptyString;
+  }
 
   in = String(out);
   free(out);
   return in;
 }
 
-bool checkDigestAuthentication(const char* header, const char* method, const char* username, const char* password, const char* realm, bool passwordIsHash, const char* nonce, const char* opaque, const char* uri)
-{
+bool checkDigestAuthentication(
+  const char *header, const char *method, const char *username, const char *password, const char *realm, bool passwordIsHash, const char *nonce,
+  const char *opaque, const char *uri
+) {
   if (username == NULL || password == NULL || header == NULL || method == NULL) {
-    // os_printf("AUTH FAIL: missing requred fields\n");
+    // os_printf("AUTH FAIL: missing required fields\n");
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -160,8 +174,8 @@ bool checkDigestAuthentication(const char* header, const char* method, const cha
   String myNc;
   String myCnonce;
 
-  myHeader += (char)0x2c; // ','
-  myHeader += (char)0x20; // ' '
+  myHeader += (char)0x2c;  // ','
+  myHeader += (char)0x20;  // ' '
   do {
     String avLine(myHeader.substring(0, nextBreak));
     avLine.trim();

src/WebAuthentication.h

@@ -1,37 +1,22 @@
-/*
-  Asynchronous WebServer library for Espressif MCUs
-
-  Copyright (c) 2016 Hristo Gochkov. All rights reserved.
-  This file is part of the esp8266 core for Arduino environment.
-
-  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
-  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
-  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
-  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
-
-  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
-  Lesser General Public License for more details.
-
-  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
-  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
-  Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
-*/
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
 
 #ifndef WEB_AUTHENTICATION_H_
 #define WEB_AUTHENTICATION_H_
 
 #include "Arduino.h"
 
-bool checkBasicAuthentication(const char* header, const char* username, const char* password);
+bool checkBasicAuthentication(const char *header, const char *username, const char *password);
 
-bool checkDigestAuthentication(const char* header, const char* method, const char* username, const char* password, const char* realm, bool passwordIsHash, const char* nonce, const char* opaque, const char* uri);
+bool checkDigestAuthentication(
+  const char *header, const char *method, const char *username, const char *password, const char *realm, bool passwordIsHash, const char *nonce,
+  const char *opaque, const char *uri
+);
 
 // for storing hashed versions on the device that can be authenticated against
-String generateDigestHash(const char* username, const char* password, const char* realm);
+String generateDigestHash(const char *username, const char *password, const char *realm);
 
-String generateBasicHash(const char* username, const char* password);
+String generateBasicHash(const char *username, const char *password);
 
 String genRandomMD5();
 

src/WebHandlerImpl.h

@@ -1,101 +1,94 @@
-/*
-  Asynchronous WebServer library for Espressif MCUs
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
 
-  Copyright (c) 2016 Hristo Gochkov. All rights reserved.
-  This file is part of the esp8266 core for Arduino environment.
-
-  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
-  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
-  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
-  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
-
-  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
-  Lesser General Public License for more details.
-
-  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
-  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
-  Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
-*/
 #ifndef ASYNCWEBSERVERHANDLERIMPL_H_
 #define ASYNCWEBSERVERHANDLERIMPL_H_
 
 #include <string>
 #ifdef ASYNCWEBSERVER_REGEX
-  #include <regex>
+#include <regex>
 #endif
 
 #include "stddef.h"
 #include <time.h>
 
 class AsyncStaticWebHandler : public AsyncWebHandler {
-    using File = fs::File;
-    using FS = fs::FS;
+  using File = fs::File;
+  using FS = fs::FS;
 
-  private:
-    bool _getFile(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) const;
-    bool _searchFile(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, const String& path);
-    uint8_t _countBits(const uint8_t value) const;
+private:
+  bool _getFile(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) const;
+  bool _searchFile(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const String &path);
+  uint8_t _countBits(const uint8_t value) const;
 
-  protected:
-    FS _fs;
-    String _uri;
-    String _path;
-    String _default_file;
-    String _cache_control;
-    String _last_modified;
-    AwsTemplateProcessor _callback;
-    bool _isDir;
-    bool _tryGzipFirst = true;
+protected:
+  FS _fs;
+  String _uri;
+  String _path;
+  String _default_file;
+  String _cache_control;
+  String _last_modified;
+  AwsTemplateProcessor _callback;
+  bool _isDir;
+  bool _tryGzipFirst = true;
 
-  public:
-    AsyncStaticWebHandler(const char* uri, FS& fs, const char* path, const char* cache_control);
-    bool canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) const override final;
-    void handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) override final;
-    AsyncStaticWebHandler& setTryGzipFirst(bool value);
-    AsyncStaticWebHandler& setIsDir(bool isDir);
-    AsyncStaticWebHandler& setDefaultFile(const char* filename);
-    AsyncStaticWebHandler& setCacheControl(const char* cache_control);
+public:
+  AsyncStaticWebHandler(const char *uri, FS &fs, const char *path, const char *cache_control);
+  bool canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) const override final;
+  void handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) override final;
+  AsyncStaticWebHandler &setTryGzipFirst(bool value);
+  AsyncStaticWebHandler &setIsDir(bool isDir);
+  AsyncStaticWebHandler &setDefaultFile(const char *filename);
+  AsyncStaticWebHandler &setCacheControl(const char *cache_control);
 
-    /**
+  /**
      * @brief Set the Last-Modified time for the object
-     * 
-     * @param last_modified 
-     * @return AsyncStaticWebHandler& 
+     *
+     * @param last_modified
+     * @return AsyncStaticWebHandler&
      */
-    AsyncStaticWebHandler& setLastModified(const char* last_modified);
-    AsyncStaticWebHandler& setLastModified(struct tm* last_modified);
-    AsyncStaticWebHandler& setLastModified(time_t last_modified);
-    // sets to current time. Make sure sntp is runing and time is updated
-    AsyncStaticWebHandler& setLastModified();
+  AsyncStaticWebHandler &setLastModified(const char *last_modified);
+  AsyncStaticWebHandler &setLastModified(struct tm *last_modified);
+  AsyncStaticWebHandler &setLastModified(time_t last_modified);
+  // sets to current time. Make sure sntp is running and time is updated
+  AsyncStaticWebHandler &setLastModified();
 
-    AsyncStaticWebHandler& setTemplateProcessor(AwsTemplateProcessor newCallback);
+  AsyncStaticWebHandler &setTemplateProcessor(AwsTemplateProcessor newCallback);
 };
 
 class AsyncCallbackWebHandler : public AsyncWebHandler {
-  private:
-  protected:
-    String _uri;
-    WebRequestMethodComposite _method;
-    ArRequestHandlerFunction _onRequest;
-    ArUploadHandlerFunction _onUpload;
-    ArBodyHandlerFunction _onBody;
-    bool _isRegex;
+private:
+protected:
+  String _uri;
+  WebRequestMethodComposite _method;
+  ArRequestHandlerFunction _onRequest;
+  ArUploadHandlerFunction _onUpload;
+  ArBodyHandlerFunction _onBody;
+  bool _isRegex;
 
-  public:
-    AsyncCallbackWebHandler() : _uri(), _method(HTTP_ANY), _onRequest(NULL), _onUpload(NULL), _onBody(NULL), _isRegex(false) {}
-    void setUri(const String& uri);
-    void setMethod(WebRequestMethodComposite method) { _method = method; }
-    void onRequest(ArRequestHandlerFunction fn) { _onRequest = fn; }
-    void onUpload(ArUploadHandlerFunction fn) { _onUpload = fn; }
-    void onBody(ArBodyHandlerFunction fn) { _onBody = fn; }
+public:
+  AsyncCallbackWebHandler() : _uri(), _method(HTTP_ANY), _onRequest(NULL), _onUpload(NULL), _onBody(NULL), _isRegex(false) {}
+  void setUri(const String &uri);
+  void setMethod(WebRequestMethodComposite method) {
+    _method = method;
+  }
+  void onRequest(ArRequestHandlerFunction fn) {
+    _onRequest = fn;
+  }
+  void onUpload(ArUploadHandlerFunction fn) {
+    _onUpload = fn;
+  }
+  void onBody(ArBodyHandlerFunction fn) {
+    _onBody = fn;
+  }
 
-    bool canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) const override final;
-    void handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) override final;
-    void handleUpload(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, const String& filename, size_t index, uint8_t* data, size_t len, bool final) override final;
-    void handleBody(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, uint8_t* data, size_t len, size_t index, size_t total) override final;
-    bool isRequestHandlerTrivial() const override final { return !_onRequest; }
+  bool canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) const override final;
+  void handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) override final;
+  void handleUpload(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const String &filename, size_t index, uint8_t *data, size_t len, bool final) override final;
+  void handleBody(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, uint8_t *data, size_t len, size_t index, size_t total) override final;
+  bool isRequestHandlerTrivial() const override final {
+    return !_onRequest;
+  }
 };
 
 #endif /* ASYNCWEBSERVERHANDLERIMPL_H_ */

src/WebHandlers.cpp

@@ -1,33 +1,16 @@
-/*
-  Asynchronous WebServer library for Espressif MCUs
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
 
-  Copyright (c) 2016 Hristo Gochkov. All rights reserved.
-  This file is part of the esp8266 core for Arduino environment.
-
-  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
-  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
-  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
-  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
-
-  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
-  Lesser General Public License for more details.
-
-  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
-  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
-  Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
-*/
 #include "ESPAsyncWebServer.h"
 #include "WebHandlerImpl.h"
 
 using namespace asyncsrv;
 
-AsyncWebHandler& AsyncWebHandler::setFilter(ArRequestFilterFunction fn) {
+AsyncWebHandler &AsyncWebHandler::setFilter(ArRequestFilterFunction fn) {
   _filter = fn;
   return *this;
 }
-AsyncWebHandler& AsyncWebHandler::setAuthentication(const char* username, const char* password, AsyncAuthType authMethod) {
+AsyncWebHandler &AsyncWebHandler::setAuthentication(const char *username, const char *password, AsyncAuthType authMethod) {
   if (!_authMiddleware) {
     _authMiddleware = new AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware();
     _authMiddleware->_freeOnRemoval = true;
@@ -39,13 +22,15 @@ AsyncWebHandler& AsyncWebHandler::setAuthentication(const char* username, const
   return *this;
 };
 
-AsyncStaticWebHandler::AsyncStaticWebHandler(const char* uri, FS& fs, const char* path, const char* cache_control)
-    : _fs(fs), _uri(uri), _path(path), _default_file(F("index.htm")), _cache_control(cache_control), _last_modified(), _callback(nullptr) {
+AsyncStaticWebHandler::AsyncStaticWebHandler(const char *uri, FS &fs, const char *path, const char *cache_control)
+  : _fs(fs), _uri(uri), _path(path), _default_file(F("index.htm")), _cache_control(cache_control), _last_modified(), _callback(nullptr) {
   // Ensure leading '/'
-  if (_uri.length() == 0 || _uri[0] != '/')
+  if (_uri.length() == 0 || _uri[0] != '/') {
     _uri = String('/') + _uri;
-  if (_path.length() == 0 || _path[0] != '/')
+  }
+  if (_path.length() == 0 || _path[0] != '/') {
     _path = String('/') + _path;
+  }
 
   // If path ends with '/' we assume a hint that this is a directory to improve performance.
   // However - if it does not end with '/' we, can't assume a file, path can still be a directory.
@@ -53,45 +38,47 @@ AsyncStaticWebHandler::AsyncStaticWebHandler(const char* uri, FS& fs, const char
 
   // Remove the trailing '/' so we can handle default file
   // Notice that root will be "" not "/"
-  if (_uri[_uri.length() - 1] == '/')
+  if (_uri[_uri.length() - 1] == '/') {
     _uri = _uri.substring(0, _uri.length() - 1);
-  if (_path[_path.length() - 1] == '/')
+  }
+  if (_path[_path.length() - 1] == '/') {
     _path = _path.substring(0, _path.length() - 1);
+  }
 }
 
-AsyncStaticWebHandler& AsyncStaticWebHandler::setTryGzipFirst(bool value) {
+AsyncStaticWebHandler &AsyncStaticWebHandler::setTryGzipFirst(bool value) {
   _tryGzipFirst = value;
   return *this;
 }
 
-AsyncStaticWebHandler& AsyncStaticWebHandler::setIsDir(bool isDir) {
+AsyncStaticWebHandler &AsyncStaticWebHandler::setIsDir(bool isDir) {
   _isDir = isDir;
   return *this;
 }
 
-AsyncStaticWebHandler& AsyncStaticWebHandler::setDefaultFile(const char* filename) {
+AsyncStaticWebHandler &AsyncStaticWebHandler::setDefaultFile(const char *filename) {
   _default_file = filename;
   return *this;
 }
 
-AsyncStaticWebHandler& AsyncStaticWebHandler::setCacheControl(const char* cache_control) {
+AsyncStaticWebHandler &AsyncStaticWebHandler::setCacheControl(const char *cache_control) {
   _cache_control = cache_control;
   return *this;
 }
 
-AsyncStaticWebHandler& AsyncStaticWebHandler::setLastModified(const char* last_modified) {
+AsyncStaticWebHandler &AsyncStaticWebHandler::setLastModified(const char *last_modified) {
   _last_modified = last_modified;
   return *this;
 }
 
-AsyncStaticWebHandler& AsyncStaticWebHandler::setLastModified(struct tm* last_modified) {
+AsyncStaticWebHandler &AsyncStaticWebHandler::setLastModified(struct tm *last_modified) {
   char result[30];
 #ifdef ESP8266
   auto formatP = PSTR("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT");
   char format[strlen_P(formatP) + 1];
   strcpy_P(format, formatP);
 #else
-  static constexpr const char* format = "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT";
+  static constexpr const char *format = "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT";
 #endif
 
   strftime(result, sizeof(result), format, last_modified);
@@ -99,22 +86,23 @@ AsyncStaticWebHandler& AsyncStaticWebHandler::setLastModified(struct tm* last_mo
   return *this;
 }
 
-AsyncStaticWebHandler& AsyncStaticWebHandler::setLastModified(time_t last_modified) {
-  return setLastModified((struct tm*)gmtime(&last_modified));
+AsyncStaticWebHandler &AsyncStaticWebHandler::setLastModified(time_t last_modified) {
+  return setLastModified((struct tm *)gmtime(&last_modified));
 }
 
-AsyncStaticWebHandler& AsyncStaticWebHandler::setLastModified() {
+AsyncStaticWebHandler &AsyncStaticWebHandler::setLastModified() {
   time_t last_modified;
-  if (time(&last_modified) == 0) // time is not yet set
+  if (time(&last_modified) == 0) {  // time is not yet set
     return *this;
+  }
   return setLastModified(last_modified);
 }
 
-bool AsyncStaticWebHandler::canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) const {
+bool AsyncStaticWebHandler::canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) const {
   return request->isHTTP() && request->method() == HTTP_GET && request->url().startsWith(_uri) && _getFile(request);
 }
 
-bool AsyncStaticWebHandler::_getFile(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) const {
+bool AsyncStaticWebHandler::_getFile(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) const {
   // Remove the found uri
   String path = request->url().substring(_uri.length());
 
@@ -124,28 +112,31 @@ bool AsyncStaticWebHandler::_getFile(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) const {
   path = _path + path;
 
   // Do we have a file or .gz file
-  if (!canSkipFileCheck && const_cast<AsyncStaticWebHandler*>(this)->_searchFile(request, path))
+  if (!canSkipFileCheck && const_cast<AsyncStaticWebHandler *>(this)->_searchFile(request, path)) {
     return true;
+  }
 
   // Can't handle if not default file
-  if (_default_file.length() == 0)
+  if (_default_file.length() == 0) {
     return false;
+  }
 
-  // Try to add default file, ensure there is a trailing '/' ot the path.
-  if (path.length() == 0 || path[path.length() - 1] != '/')
+  // Try to add default file, ensure there is a trailing '/' to the path.
+  if (path.length() == 0 || path[path.length() - 1] != '/') {
     path += String('/');
+  }
   path += _default_file;
 
-  return const_cast<AsyncStaticWebHandler*>(this)->_searchFile(request, path);
+  return const_cast<AsyncStaticWebHandler *>(this)->_searchFile(request, path);
 }
 
 #ifdef ESP32
-  #define FILE_IS_REAL(f) (f == true && !f.isDirectory())
+#define FILE_IS_REAL(f) (f == true && !f.isDirectory())
 #else
-  #define FILE_IS_REAL(f) (f == true)
+#define FILE_IS_REAL(f) (f == true)
 #endif
 
-bool AsyncStaticWebHandler::_searchFile(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, const String& path) {
+bool AsyncStaticWebHandler::_searchFile(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const String &path) {
   bool fileFound = false;
   bool gzipFound = false;
 
@@ -180,9 +171,17 @@ bool AsyncStaticWebHandler::_searchFile(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, const St
   if (found) {
     // Extract the file name from the path and keep it in _tempObject
     size_t pathLen = path.length();
-    char* _tempPath = (char*)malloc(pathLen + 1);
+    char *_tempPath = (char *)malloc(pathLen + 1);
+    if (_tempPath == NULL) {
+#ifdef ESP32
+      log_e("Failed to allocate");
+#endif
+      request->abort();
+      request->_tempFile.close();
+      return false;
+    }
     snprintf_P(_tempPath, pathLen + 1, PSTR("%s"), path.c_str());
-    request->_tempObject = (void*)_tempPath;
+    request->_tempObject = (void *)_tempPath;
   }
 
   return found;
@@ -191,81 +190,97 @@ bool AsyncStaticWebHandler::_searchFile(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, const St
 uint8_t AsyncStaticWebHandler::_countBits(const uint8_t value) const {
   uint8_t w = value;
   uint8_t n;
-  for (n = 0; w != 0; n++)
+  for (n = 0; w != 0; n++) {
     w &= w - 1;
+  }
   return n;
 }
 
-void AsyncStaticWebHandler::handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
+void AsyncStaticWebHandler::handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
   // Get the filename from request->_tempObject and free it
-  String filename((char*)request->_tempObject);
+  String filename((char *)request->_tempObject);
   free(request->_tempObject);
   request->_tempObject = NULL;
 
-  if (request->_tempFile != true){
+  if (request->_tempFile != true) {
     request->send(404);
     return;
   }
 
-    time_t lw = request->_tempFile.getLastWrite(); // get last file mod time (if supported by FS)
-    // set etag to lastmod timestamp if available, otherwise to size
-    String etag;
-    if (lw) {
-      setLastModified(lw);
-#if defined(TARGET_RP2040)
-      // time_t == long long int
-      constexpr size_t len = 1 + 8 * sizeof(time_t);
-      char buf[len];
-      char* ret = lltoa(lw ^ request->_tempFile.size(), buf, len, 10);
-      etag = ret ? String(ret) : String(request->_tempFile.size());
+  time_t lw = request->_tempFile.getLastWrite();  // get last file mod time (if supported by FS)
+  // set etag to lastmod timestamp if available, otherwise to size
+  String etag;
+  if (lw) {
+    setLastModified(lw);
+#if defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+    // time_t == long long int
+    constexpr size_t len = 1 + 8 * sizeof(time_t);
+    char buf[len];
+    char *ret = lltoa(lw ^ request->_tempFile.size(), buf, len, 10);
+    etag = ret ? String(ret) : String(request->_tempFile.size());
 #else
-      etag = lw ^ request->_tempFile.size();   // etag combines file size and lastmod timestamp
+    etag = lw ^ request->_tempFile.size();  // etag combines file size and lastmod timestamp
 #endif
-    } else {
-      etag = request->_tempFile.size();
-    }
+  } else {
+#if defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
+    etag = String(request->_tempFile.size());
+#else
+    etag = request->_tempFile.size();
+#endif
+  }
 
-    bool not_modified = false;
+  bool not_modified = false;
 
-    // if-none-match has precedence over if-modified-since
-    if (request->hasHeader(T_INM))
-      not_modified = request->header(T_INM).equals(etag);
-    else if (_last_modified.length())
-      not_modified = request->header(T_IMS).equals(_last_modified);
+  // if-none-match has precedence over if-modified-since
+  if (request->hasHeader(T_INM)) {
+    not_modified = request->header(T_INM).equals(etag);
+  } else if (_last_modified.length()) {
+    not_modified = request->header(T_IMS).equals(_last_modified);
+  }
 
-    AsyncWebServerResponse* response;
+  AsyncWebServerResponse *response;
 
-    if (not_modified){
-      request->_tempFile.close();
-      response = new AsyncBasicResponse(304); // Not modified
-    } else {
-      response = new AsyncFileResponse(request->_tempFile, filename, emptyString, false, _callback);
-    }
+  if (not_modified) {
+    request->_tempFile.close();
+    response = new AsyncBasicResponse(304);  // Not modified
+  } else {
+    response = new AsyncFileResponse(request->_tempFile, filename, emptyString, false, _callback);
+  }
 
-    response->addHeader(T_ETag, etag.c_str());
+  if (!response) {
+#ifdef ESP32
+    log_e("Failed to allocate");
+#endif
+    request->abort();
+    return;
+  }
 
-    if (_last_modified.length())
-      response->addHeader(T_Last_Modified, _last_modified.c_str());
-    if (_cache_control.length())
-      response->addHeader(T_Cache_Control, _cache_control.c_str());
-  
-    request->send(response);
+  response->addHeader(T_ETag, etag.c_str());
 
+  if (_last_modified.length()) {
+    response->addHeader(T_Last_Modified, _last_modified.c_str());
+  }
+  if (_cache_control.length()) {
+    response->addHeader(T_Cache_Control, _cache_control.c_str());
+  }
+
+  request->send(response);
 }
 
-AsyncStaticWebHandler& AsyncStaticWebHandler::setTemplateProcessor(AwsTemplateProcessor newCallback) {
+AsyncStaticWebHandler &AsyncStaticWebHandler::setTemplateProcessor(AwsTemplateProcessor newCallback) {
   _callback = newCallback;
   return *this;
 }
 
-void AsyncCallbackWebHandler::setUri(const String& uri) {
+void AsyncCallbackWebHandler::setUri(const String &uri) {
   _uri = uri;
   _isRegex = uri.startsWith("^") && uri.endsWith("$");
 }
 
-bool AsyncCallbackWebHandler::canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) const {
-  if (!_onRequest || !request->isHTTP() || !(_method & request->method()))
+bool AsyncCallbackWebHandler::canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) const {
+  if (!_onRequest || !request->isHTTP() || !(_method & request->method())) {
     return false;
+  }
 
 #ifdef ASYNCWEBSERVER_REGEX
   if (_isRegex) {
@@ -273,7 +288,7 @@ bool AsyncCallbackWebHandler::canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) const {
     std::smatch matches;
     std::string s(request->url().c_str());
     if (std::regex_search(s, matches, pattern)) {
-      for (size_t i = 1; i < matches.size(); ++i) { // start from 1
+      for (size_t i = 1; i < matches.size(); ++i) {  // start from 1
         request->_addPathParam(matches[i].str().c_str());
       }
     } else {
@@ -284,30 +299,37 @@ bool AsyncCallbackWebHandler::canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) const {
     if (_uri.length() && _uri.startsWith("/*.")) {
     String uriTemplate = String(_uri);
     uriTemplate = uriTemplate.substring(uriTemplate.lastIndexOf("."));
-    if (!request->url().endsWith(uriTemplate))
+    if (!request->url().endsWith(uriTemplate)) {
       return false;
+    }
   } else if (_uri.length() && _uri.endsWith("*")) {
     String uriTemplate = String(_uri);
     uriTemplate = uriTemplate.substring(0, uriTemplate.length() - 1);
-    if (!request->url().startsWith(uriTemplate))
+    if (!request->url().startsWith(uriTemplate)) {
       return false;
-  } else if (_uri.length() && (_uri != request->url() && !request->url().startsWith(_uri + "/")))
+    }
+  } else if (_uri.length() && (_uri != request->url() && !request->url().startsWith(_uri + "/"))) {
     return false;
+  }
 
   return true;
 }
 
-void AsyncCallbackWebHandler::handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-  if (_onRequest)
+void AsyncCallbackWebHandler::handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+  if (_onRequest) {
     _onRequest(request);
-  else
-    request->send(500);
+  } else {
+    request->send(404, T_text_plain, "Not found");
+  }
 }
-void AsyncCallbackWebHandler::handleUpload(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, const String& filename, size_t index, uint8_t* data, size_t len, bool final) {
-  if (_onUpload)
+void AsyncCallbackWebHandler::handleUpload(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const String &filename, size_t index, uint8_t *data, size_t len, bool final) {
+  if (_onUpload) {
     _onUpload(request, filename, index, data, len, final);
+  }
 }
-void AsyncCallbackWebHandler::handleBody(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, uint8_t* data, size_t len, size_t index, size_t total) {
-  if (_onBody)
+void AsyncCallbackWebHandler::handleBody(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, uint8_t *data, size_t len, size_t index, size_t total) {
+  // ESP_LOGD("AsyncWebServer", "AsyncCallbackWebHandler::handleBody");
+  if (_onBody) {
     _onBody(request, data, len, index, total);
-}
+  }
+}

src/WebResponseImpl.h

@@ -1,30 +1,13 @@
-/*
-  Asynchronous WebServer library for Espressif MCUs
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
 
-  Copyright (c) 2016 Hristo Gochkov. All rights reserved.
-  This file is part of the esp8266 core for Arduino environment.
-
-  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
-  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
-  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
-  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
-
-  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
-  Lesser General Public License for more details.
-
-  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
-  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
-  Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
-*/
 #ifndef ASYNCWEBSERVERRESPONSEIMPL_H_
 #define ASYNCWEBSERVERRESPONSEIMPL_H_
 
 #ifdef Arduino_h
-  // arduino is not compatible with std::vector
-  #undef min
-  #undef max
+// arduino is not compatible with std::vector
+#undef min
+#undef max
 #endif
 #include "literals.h"
 #include <StreamString.h>
@@ -34,127 +17,158 @@
 // It is possible to restore these defines, but one can use _min and _max instead. Or std::min, std::max.
 
 class AsyncBasicResponse : public AsyncWebServerResponse {
-  private:
-    String _content;
+private:
+  String _content;
 
-  public:
-    explicit AsyncBasicResponse(int code, const char* contentType = asyncsrv::empty, const char* content = asyncsrv::empty);
-    AsyncBasicResponse(int code, const String& contentType, const String& content = emptyString) : AsyncBasicResponse(code, contentType.c_str(), content.c_str()) {}
-    void _respond(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) override final;
-    size_t _ack(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, size_t len, uint32_t time) override final;
-    bool _sourceValid() const override final { return true; }
+public:
+  explicit AsyncBasicResponse(int code, const char *contentType = asyncsrv::empty, const char *content = asyncsrv::empty);
+  AsyncBasicResponse(int code, const String &contentType, const String &content = emptyString)
+    : AsyncBasicResponse(code, contentType.c_str(), content.c_str()) {}
+  void _respond(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) override final;
+  size_t _ack(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, size_t len, uint32_t time) override final;
+  bool _sourceValid() const override final {
+    return true;
+  }
 };
 
 class AsyncAbstractResponse : public AsyncWebServerResponse {
-  private:
-    // amount of responce data in-flight, i.e. sent, but not acked yet
-    size_t _in_flight{0};
-    // in-flight queue credits
-    size_t _in_flight_credit{2};
-    String _head;
-    // Data is inserted into cache at begin().
-    // This is inefficient with vector, but if we use some other container,
-    // we won't be able to access it as contiguous array of bytes when reading from it,
-    // so by gaining performance in one place, we'll lose it in another.
-    std::vector<uint8_t> _cache;
-    size_t _readDataFromCacheOrContent(uint8_t* data, const size_t len);
-    size_t _fillBufferAndProcessTemplates(uint8_t* buf, size_t maxLen);
+private:
+#if ASYNCWEBSERVER_USE_CHUNK_INFLIGHT
+  // amount of response data in-flight, i.e. sent, but not acked yet
+  size_t _in_flight{0};
+  // in-flight queue credits
+  size_t _in_flight_credit{2};
+#endif
+  String _head;
+  // Data is inserted into cache at begin().
+  // This is inefficient with vector, but if we use some other container,
+  // we won't be able to access it as contiguous array of bytes when reading from it,
+  // so by gaining performance in one place, we'll lose it in another.
+  std::vector<uint8_t> _cache;
+  size_t _readDataFromCacheOrContent(uint8_t *data, const size_t len);
+  size_t _fillBufferAndProcessTemplates(uint8_t *buf, size_t maxLen);
 
-  protected:
-    AwsTemplateProcessor _callback;
+protected:
+  AwsTemplateProcessor _callback;
 
-  public:
-    AsyncAbstractResponse(AwsTemplateProcessor callback = nullptr);
-    virtual ~AsyncAbstractResponse() {}
-    void _respond(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) override final;
-    size_t _ack(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, size_t len, uint32_t time) override final;
-    virtual bool _sourceValid() const { return false; }
-    virtual size_t _fillBuffer(uint8_t* buf __attribute__((unused)), size_t maxLen __attribute__((unused))) { return 0; }
+public:
+  AsyncAbstractResponse(AwsTemplateProcessor callback = nullptr);
+  virtual ~AsyncAbstractResponse() {}
+  void _respond(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) override final;
+  size_t _ack(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, size_t len, uint32_t time) override final;
+  virtual bool _sourceValid() const {
+    return false;
+  }
+  virtual size_t _fillBuffer(uint8_t *buf __attribute__((unused)), size_t maxLen __attribute__((unused))) {
+    return 0;
+  }
 };
 
 #ifndef TEMPLATE_PLACEHOLDER
-  #define TEMPLATE_PLACEHOLDER '%'
+#define TEMPLATE_PLACEHOLDER '%'
 #endif
 
 #define TEMPLATE_PARAM_NAME_LENGTH 32
 class AsyncFileResponse : public AsyncAbstractResponse {
-    using File = fs::File;
-    using FS = fs::FS;
+  using File = fs::File;
+  using FS = fs::FS;
 
-  private:
-    File _content;
-    String _path;
-    void _setContentTypeFromPath(const String& path);
+private:
+  File _content;
+  String _path;
+  void _setContentTypeFromPath(const String &path);
 
-  public:
-    AsyncFileResponse(FS& fs, const String& path, const char* contentType = asyncsrv::empty, bool download = false, AwsTemplateProcessor callback = nullptr);
-    AsyncFileResponse(FS& fs, const String& path, const String& contentType, bool download = false, AwsTemplateProcessor callback = nullptr) : AsyncFileResponse(fs, path, contentType.c_str(), download, callback) {}
-    AsyncFileResponse(File content, const String& path, const char* contentType = asyncsrv::empty, bool download = false, AwsTemplateProcessor callback = nullptr);
-    AsyncFileResponse(File content, const String& path, const String& contentType, bool download = false, AwsTemplateProcessor callack = nullptr) : AsyncFileResponse(content, path, contentType.c_str(), download, callack) {}
-    ~AsyncFileResponse() { _content.close(); }
-    bool _sourceValid() const override final { return !!(_content); }
-    size_t _fillBuffer(uint8_t* buf, size_t maxLen) override final;
+public:
+  AsyncFileResponse(FS &fs, const String &path, const char *contentType = asyncsrv::empty, bool download = false, AwsTemplateProcessor callback = nullptr);
+  AsyncFileResponse(FS &fs, const String &path, const String &contentType, bool download = false, AwsTemplateProcessor callback = nullptr)
+    : AsyncFileResponse(fs, path, contentType.c_str(), download, callback) {}
+  AsyncFileResponse(
+    File content, const String &path, const char *contentType = asyncsrv::empty, bool download = false, AwsTemplateProcessor callback = nullptr
+  );
+  AsyncFileResponse(File content, const String &path, const String &contentType, bool download = false, AwsTemplateProcessor callback = nullptr)
+    : AsyncFileResponse(content, path, contentType.c_str(), download, callback) {}
+  ~AsyncFileResponse() {
+    _content.close();
+  }
+  bool _sourceValid() const override final {
+    return !!(_content);
+  }
+  size_t _fillBuffer(uint8_t *buf, size_t maxLen) override final;
 };
 
 class AsyncStreamResponse : public AsyncAbstractResponse {
-  private:
-    Stream* _content;
+private:
+  Stream *_content;
 
-  public:
-    AsyncStreamResponse(Stream& stream, const char* contentType, size_t len, AwsTemplateProcessor callback = nullptr);
-    AsyncStreamResponse(Stream& stream, const String& contentType, size_t len, AwsTemplateProcessor callback = nullptr) : AsyncStreamResponse(stream, contentType.c_str(), len, callback) {}
-    bool _sourceValid() const override final { return !!(_content); }
-    size_t _fillBuffer(uint8_t* buf, size_t maxLen) override final;
+public:
+  AsyncStreamResponse(Stream &stream, const char *contentType, size_t len, AwsTemplateProcessor callback = nullptr);
+  AsyncStreamResponse(Stream &stream, const String &contentType, size_t len, AwsTemplateProcessor callback = nullptr)
+    : AsyncStreamResponse(stream, contentType.c_str(), len, callback) {}
+  bool _sourceValid() const override final {
+    return !!(_content);
+  }
+  size_t _fillBuffer(uint8_t *buf, size_t maxLen) override final;
 };
 
 class AsyncCallbackResponse : public AsyncAbstractResponse {
-  private:
-    AwsResponseFiller _content;
-    size_t _filledLength;
+private:
+  AwsResponseFiller _content;
+  size_t _filledLength;
 
-  public:
-    AsyncCallbackResponse(const char* contentType, size_t len, AwsResponseFiller callback, AwsTemplateProcessor templateCallback = nullptr);
-    AsyncCallbackResponse(const String& contentType, size_t len, AwsResponseFiller callback, AwsTemplateProcessor templateCallback = nullptr) : AsyncCallbackResponse(contentType.c_str(), len, callback, templateCallback) {}
-    bool _sourceValid() const override final { return !!(_content); }
-    size_t _fillBuffer(uint8_t* buf, size_t maxLen) override final;
+public:
+  AsyncCallbackResponse(const char *contentType, size_t len, AwsResponseFiller callback, AwsTemplateProcessor templateCallback = nullptr);
+  AsyncCallbackResponse(const String &contentType, size_t len, AwsResponseFiller callback, AwsTemplateProcessor templateCallback = nullptr)
+    : AsyncCallbackResponse(contentType.c_str(), len, callback, templateCallback) {}
+  bool _sourceValid() const override final {
+    return !!(_content);
+  }
+  size_t _fillBuffer(uint8_t *buf, size_t maxLen) override final;
 };
 
 class AsyncChunkedResponse : public AsyncAbstractResponse {
-  private:
-    AwsResponseFiller _content;
-    size_t _filledLength;
+private:
+  AwsResponseFiller _content;
+  size_t _filledLength;
 
-  public:
-    AsyncChunkedResponse(const char* contentType, AwsResponseFiller callback, AwsTemplateProcessor templateCallback = nullptr);
-    AsyncChunkedResponse(const String& contentType, AwsResponseFiller callback, AwsTemplateProcessor templateCallback = nullptr) : AsyncChunkedResponse(contentType.c_str(), callback, templateCallback) {}
-    bool _sourceValid() const override final { return !!(_content); }
-    size_t _fillBuffer(uint8_t* buf, size_t maxLen) override final;
+public:
+  AsyncChunkedResponse(const char *contentType, AwsResponseFiller callback, AwsTemplateProcessor templateCallback = nullptr);
+  AsyncChunkedResponse(const String &contentType, AwsResponseFiller callback, AwsTemplateProcessor templateCallback = nullptr)
+    : AsyncChunkedResponse(contentType.c_str(), callback, templateCallback) {}
+  bool _sourceValid() const override final {
+    return !!(_content);
+  }
+  size_t _fillBuffer(uint8_t *buf, size_t maxLen) override final;
 };
 
 class AsyncProgmemResponse : public AsyncAbstractResponse {
-  private:
-    const uint8_t* _content;
-    size_t _readLength;
+private:
+  const uint8_t *_content;
+  size_t _readLength;
 
-  public:
-    AsyncProgmemResponse(int code, const char* contentType, const uint8_t* content, size_t len, AwsTemplateProcessor callback = nullptr);
-    AsyncProgmemResponse(int code, const String& contentType, const uint8_t* content, size_t len, AwsTemplateProcessor callback = nullptr) : AsyncProgmemResponse(code, contentType.c_str(), content, len, callback) {}
-    bool _sourceValid() const override final { return true; }
-    size_t _fillBuffer(uint8_t* buf, size_t maxLen) override final;
+public:
+  AsyncProgmemResponse(int code, const char *contentType, const uint8_t *content, size_t len, AwsTemplateProcessor callback = nullptr);
+  AsyncProgmemResponse(int code, const String &contentType, const uint8_t *content, size_t len, AwsTemplateProcessor callback = nullptr)
+    : AsyncProgmemResponse(code, contentType.c_str(), content, len, callback) {}
+  bool _sourceValid() const override final {
+    return true;
+  }
+  size_t _fillBuffer(uint8_t *buf, size_t maxLen) override final;
 };
 
 class AsyncResponseStream : public AsyncAbstractResponse, public Print {
-  private:
-    StreamString _content;
+private:
+  StreamString _content;
 
-  public:
-    AsyncResponseStream(const char* contentType, size_t bufferSize);
-    AsyncResponseStream(const String& contentType, size_t bufferSize) : AsyncResponseStream(contentType.c_str(), bufferSize) {}
-    bool _sourceValid() const override final { return (_state < RESPONSE_END); }
-    size_t _fillBuffer(uint8_t* buf, size_t maxLen) override final;
-    size_t write(const uint8_t* data, size_t len);
-    size_t write(uint8_t data);
-    using Print::write;
+public:
+  AsyncResponseStream(const char *contentType, size_t bufferSize);
+  AsyncResponseStream(const String &contentType, size_t bufferSize) : AsyncResponseStream(contentType.c_str(), bufferSize) {}
+  bool _sourceValid() const override final {
+    return (_state < RESPONSE_END);
+  }
+  size_t _fillBuffer(uint8_t *buf, size_t maxLen) override final;
+  size_t write(const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
+  size_t write(uint8_t data);
+  using Print::write;
 };
 
 #endif /* ASYNCWEBSERVERRESPONSEIMPL_H_ */

src/WebResponses.cpp

@@ -1,34 +1,19 @@
-/*
-  Asynchronous WebServer library for Espressif MCUs
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
 
-  Copyright (c) 2016 Hristo Gochkov. All rights reserved.
-  This file is part of the esp8266 core for Arduino environment.
-
-  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
-  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
-  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
-  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
-
-  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
-  Lesser General Public License for more details.
-
-  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
-  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
-  Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
-*/
 #include "ESPAsyncWebServer.h"
 #include "WebResponseImpl.h"
 
 using namespace asyncsrv;
 
 // Since ESP8266 does not link memchr by default, here's its implementation.
-void* memchr(void* ptr, int ch, size_t count) {
-  unsigned char* p = static_cast<unsigned char*>(ptr);
-  while (count--)
-    if (*p++ == static_cast<unsigned char>(ch))
+void *memchr(void *ptr, int ch, size_t count) {
+  unsigned char *p = static_cast<unsigned char *>(ptr);
+  while (count--) {
+    if (*p++ == static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) {
       return --p;
+    }
+  }
   return nullptr;
 }
 
@@ -37,120 +22,95 @@ void* memchr(void* ptr, int ch, size_t count) {
  *
  */
 
-const char* AsyncWebServerResponse::responseCodeToString(int code) {
+const char *AsyncWebServerResponse::responseCodeToString(int code) {
   switch (code) {
-    case 100:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_100;
-    case 101:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_101;
-    case 200:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_200;
-    case 201:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_201;
-    case 202:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_202;
-    case 203:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_203;
-    case 204:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_204;
-    case 205:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_205;
-    case 206:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_206;
-    case 300:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_300;
-    case 301:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_301;
-    case 302:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_302;
-    case 303:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_303;
-    case 304:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_304;
-    case 305:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_305;
-    case 307:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_307;
-    case 400:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_400;
-    case 401:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_401;
-    case 402:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_402;
-    case 403:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_403;
-    case 404:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_404;
-    case 405:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_405;
-    case 406:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_406;
-    case 407:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_407;
-    case 408:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_408;
-    case 409:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_409;
-    case 410:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_410;
-    case 411:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_411;
-    case 412:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_412;
-    case 413:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_413;
-    case 414:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_414;
-    case 415:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_415;
-    case 416:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_416;
-    case 417:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_417;
-    case 429:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_429;
-    case 500:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_500;
-    case 501:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_501;
-    case 502:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_502;
-    case 503:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_503;
-    case 504:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_504;
-    case 505:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_505;
-    default:
-      return T_HTTP_CODE_ANY;
+    case 100: return T_HTTP_CODE_100;
+    case 101: return T_HTTP_CODE_101;
+    case 200: return T_HTTP_CODE_200;
+    case 201: return T_HTTP_CODE_201;
+    case 202: return T_HTTP_CODE_202;
+    case 203: return T_HTTP_CODE_203;
+    case 204: return T_HTTP_CODE_204;
+    case 205: return T_HTTP_CODE_205;
+    case 206: return T_HTTP_CODE_206;
+    case 300: return T_HTTP_CODE_300;
+    case 301: return T_HTTP_CODE_301;
+    case 302: return T_HTTP_CODE_302;
+    case 303: return T_HTTP_CODE_303;
+    case 304: return T_HTTP_CODE_304;
+    case 305: return T_HTTP_CODE_305;
+    case 307: return T_HTTP_CODE_307;
+    case 400: return T_HTTP_CODE_400;
+    case 401: return T_HTTP_CODE_401;
+    case 402: return T_HTTP_CODE_402;
+    case 403: return T_HTTP_CODE_403;
+    case 404: return T_HTTP_CODE_404;
+    case 405: return T_HTTP_CODE_405;
+    case 406: return T_HTTP_CODE_406;
+    case 407: return T_HTTP_CODE_407;
+    case 408: return T_HTTP_CODE_408;
+    case 409: return T_HTTP_CODE_409;
+    case 410: return T_HTTP_CODE_410;
+    case 411: return T_HTTP_CODE_411;
+    case 412: return T_HTTP_CODE_412;
+    case 413: return T_HTTP_CODE_413;
+    case 414: return T_HTTP_CODE_414;
+    case 415: return T_HTTP_CODE_415;
+    case 416: return T_HTTP_CODE_416;
+    case 417: return T_HTTP_CODE_417;
+    case 429: return T_HTTP_CODE_429;
+    case 500: return T_HTTP_CODE_500;
+    case 501: return T_HTTP_CODE_501;
+    case 502: return T_HTTP_CODE_502;
+    case 503: return T_HTTP_CODE_503;
+    case 504: return T_HTTP_CODE_504;
+    case 505: return T_HTTP_CODE_505;
+    default:  return T_HTTP_CODE_ANY;
   }
 }
 
 AsyncWebServerResponse::AsyncWebServerResponse()
-    : _code(0), _contentType(), _contentLength(0), _sendContentLength(true), _chunked(false), _headLength(0), _sentLength(0), _ackedLength(0), _writtenLength(0), _state(RESPONSE_SETUP) {
-  for (const auto& header : DefaultHeaders::Instance()) {
+  : _code(0), _contentType(), _contentLength(0), _sendContentLength(true), _chunked(false), _headLength(0), _sentLength(0), _ackedLength(0), _writtenLength(0),
+    _state(RESPONSE_SETUP) {
+  for (const auto &header : DefaultHeaders::Instance()) {
     _headers.emplace_back(header);
   }
 }
 
 void AsyncWebServerResponse::setCode(int code) {
-  if (_state == RESPONSE_SETUP)
+  if (_state == RESPONSE_SETUP) {
     _code = code;
+  }
 }
 
 void AsyncWebServerResponse::setContentLength(size_t len) {
-  if (_state == RESPONSE_SETUP && addHeader(T_Content_Length, len, true))
+  if (_state == RESPONSE_SETUP && addHeader(T_Content_Length, len, true)) {
     _contentLength = len;
+  }
 }
 
-void AsyncWebServerResponse::setContentType(const char* type) {
-  if (_state == RESPONSE_SETUP && addHeader(T_Content_Type, type, true))
+void AsyncWebServerResponse::setContentType(const char *type) {
+  if (_state == RESPONSE_SETUP && addHeader(T_Content_Type, type, true)) {
     _contentType = type;
+  }
 }
 
-bool AsyncWebServerResponse::removeHeader(const char* name) {
-  for (auto i = _headers.begin(); i != _headers.end(); ++i) {
+bool AsyncWebServerResponse::removeHeader(const char *name) {
+  bool h_erased = false;
+  for (auto i = _headers.begin(); i != _headers.end();) {
     if (i->name().equalsIgnoreCase(name)) {
+      _headers.erase(i);
+      h_erased = true;
+    } else {
+      ++i;
+    }
+  }
+  return h_erased;
+}
+
+bool AsyncWebServerResponse::removeHeader(const char *name, const char *value) {
+  for (auto i = _headers.begin(); i != _headers.end(); ++i) {
+    if (i->name().equalsIgnoreCase(name) && i->value().equalsIgnoreCase(value)) {
       _headers.erase(i);
       return true;
     }
@@ -158,12 +118,23 @@ bool AsyncWebServerResponse::removeHeader(const char* name) {
   return false;
 }
 
-const AsyncWebHeader* AsyncWebServerResponse::getHeader(const char* name) const {
-  auto iter = std::find_if(std::begin(_headers), std::end(_headers), [&name](const AsyncWebHeader& header) { return header.name().equalsIgnoreCase(name); });
+const AsyncWebHeader *AsyncWebServerResponse::getHeader(const char *name) const {
+  auto iter = std::find_if(std::begin(_headers), std::end(_headers), [&name](const AsyncWebHeader &header) {
+    return header.name().equalsIgnoreCase(name);
+  });
   return (iter == std::end(_headers)) ? nullptr : &(*iter);
 }
 
-bool AsyncWebServerResponse::addHeader(const char* name, const char* value, bool replaceExisting) {
+bool AsyncWebServerResponse::headerMustBePresentOnce(const String &name) {
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < T_only_once_headers_len; i++) {
+    if (name.equalsIgnoreCase(T_only_once_headers[i])) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool AsyncWebServerResponse::addHeader(const char *name, const char *value, bool replaceExisting) {
   for (auto i = _headers.begin(); i != _headers.end(); ++i) {
     if (i->name().equalsIgnoreCase(name)) {
       // header already set
@@ -171,9 +142,11 @@ bool AsyncWebServerResponse::addHeader(const char* name, const char* value, bool
         // remove, break and add the new one
         _headers.erase(i);
         break;
-      } else {
+      } else if (headerMustBePresentOnce(i->name())) {  // we can have only one header with that name
         // do not update
         return false;
+      } else {
+        break;  // accept multiple headers with the same name
       }
     }
   }
@@ -182,24 +155,28 @@ bool AsyncWebServerResponse::addHeader(const char* name, const char* value, bool
   return true;
 }
 
-void AsyncWebServerResponse::_assembleHead(String& buffer, uint8_t version) {
+void AsyncWebServerResponse::_assembleHead(String &buffer, uint8_t version) {
   if (version) {
     addHeader(T_Accept_Ranges, T_none, false);
-    if (_chunked)
+    if (_chunked) {
       addHeader(T_Transfer_Encoding, T_chunked, false);
+    }
   }
 
-  if (_sendContentLength)
+  if (_sendContentLength) {
     addHeader(T_Content_Length, String(_contentLength), false);
+  }
 
-  if (_contentType.length())
+  if (_contentType.length()) {
     addHeader(T_Content_Type, _contentType.c_str(), false);
+  }
 
   // precompute buffer size to avoid reallocations by String class
   size_t len = 0;
-  len += 50; // HTTP/1.1 200 <reason>\r\n
-  for (const auto& header : _headers)
+  len += 50;  // HTTP/1.1 200 <reason>\r\n
+  for (const auto &header : _headers) {
     len += header.name().length() + header.value().length() + 4;
+  }
 
   // prepare buffer
   buffer.reserve(len);
@@ -218,7 +195,7 @@ void AsyncWebServerResponse::_assembleHead(String& buffer, uint8_t version) {
   buffer.concat(T_rn);
 
   // Add headers
-  for (const auto& header : _headers) {
+  for (const auto &header : _headers) {
     buffer.concat(header.name());
 #ifdef ESP8266
     buffer.concat(PSTR(": "));
@@ -233,15 +210,23 @@ void AsyncWebServerResponse::_assembleHead(String& buffer, uint8_t version) {
   _headLength = buffer.length();
 }
 
-bool AsyncWebServerResponse::_started() const { return _state > RESPONSE_SETUP; }
-bool AsyncWebServerResponse::_finished() const { return _state > RESPONSE_WAIT_ACK; }
-bool AsyncWebServerResponse::_failed() const { return _state == RESPONSE_FAILED; }
-bool AsyncWebServerResponse::_sourceValid() const { return false; }
-void AsyncWebServerResponse::_respond(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
+bool AsyncWebServerResponse::_started() const {
+  return _state > RESPONSE_SETUP;
+}
+bool AsyncWebServerResponse::_finished() const {
+  return _state > RESPONSE_WAIT_ACK;
+}
+bool AsyncWebServerResponse::_failed() const {
+  return _state == RESPONSE_FAILED;
+}
+bool AsyncWebServerResponse::_sourceValid() const {
+  return false;
+}
+void AsyncWebServerResponse::_respond(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
   _state = RESPONSE_END;
   request->client()->close();
 }
-size_t AsyncWebServerResponse::_ack(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, size_t len, uint32_t time) {
+size_t AsyncWebServerResponse::_ack(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, size_t len, uint32_t time) {
   (void)request;
   (void)len;
   (void)time;
@@ -251,19 +236,20 @@ size_t AsyncWebServerResponse::_ack(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, size_t len,
 /*
  * String/Code Response
  * */
-AsyncBasicResponse::AsyncBasicResponse(int code, const char* contentType, const char* content) {
+AsyncBasicResponse::AsyncBasicResponse(int code, const char *contentType, const char *content) {
   _code = code;
   _content = content;
   _contentType = contentType;
   if (_content.length()) {
     _contentLength = _content.length();
-    if (!_contentType.length())
+    if (!_contentType.length()) {
       _contentType = T_text_plain;
+    }
   }
   addHeader(T_Connection, T_close, false);
 }
 
-void AsyncBasicResponse::_respond(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
+void AsyncBasicResponse::_respond(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
   _state = RESPONSE_HEADERS;
   String out;
   _assembleHead(out, request->version());
@@ -298,7 +284,7 @@ void AsyncBasicResponse::_respond(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
   }
 }
 
-size_t AsyncBasicResponse::_ack(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, size_t len, uint32_t time) {
+size_t AsyncBasicResponse::_ack(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, size_t len, uint32_t time) {
   (void)time;
   _ackedLength += len;
   if (_state == RESPONSE_CONTENT) {
@@ -338,23 +324,26 @@ AsyncAbstractResponse::AsyncAbstractResponse(AwsTemplateProcessor callback) : _c
   }
 }
 
-void AsyncAbstractResponse::_respond(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
+void AsyncAbstractResponse::_respond(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
   addHeader(T_Connection, T_close, false);
   _assembleHead(_head, request->version());
   _state = RESPONSE_HEADERS;
   _ack(request, 0, 0);
 }
 
-size_t AsyncAbstractResponse::_ack(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, size_t len, uint32_t time) {
+size_t AsyncAbstractResponse::_ack(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, size_t len, uint32_t time) {
   (void)time;
   if (!_sourceValid()) {
     _state = RESPONSE_FAILED;
     request->client()->close();
     return 0;
   }
+
+#if ASYNCWEBSERVER_USE_CHUNK_INFLIGHT
   // return a credit for each chunk of acked data (polls does not give any credits)
-  if (len)
+  if (len) {
     ++_in_flight_credit;
+  }
 
   // for chunked responses ignore acks if there are no _in_flight_credits left
   if (_chunked && !_in_flight_credit) {
@@ -364,9 +353,11 @@ size_t AsyncAbstractResponse::_ack(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, size_t len, u
     return 0;
   }
 
-  _ackedLength += len;
   _in_flight -= (_in_flight > len) ? len : _in_flight;
   // get the size of available sock space
+#endif
+
+  _ackedLength += len;
   size_t space = request->client()->space();
 
   size_t headLen = _head.length();
@@ -378,13 +369,16 @@ size_t AsyncAbstractResponse::_ack(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, size_t len, u
       String out = _head.substring(0, space);
       _head = _head.substring(space);
       _writtenLength += request->client()->write(out.c_str(), out.length());
+#if ASYNCWEBSERVER_USE_CHUNK_INFLIGHT
       _in_flight += out.length();
-      --_in_flight_credit; // take a credit
+      --_in_flight_credit;  // take a credit
+#endif
       return out.length();
     }
   }
 
   if (_state == RESPONSE_CONTENT) {
+#if ASYNCWEBSERVER_USE_CHUNK_INFLIGHT
     // for response data we need to control the queue and in-flight fragmentation. Sending small chunks could give low latency,
     // but flood asynctcp's queue and fragment socket buffer space for large responses.
     // Let's ignore polled acks and acks in case when we have more in-flight data then the available socket buff space.
@@ -392,10 +386,12 @@ size_t AsyncAbstractResponse::_ack(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, size_t len, u
     if (_in_flight > space) {
       // log_d("defer user call %u/%u", _in_flight, space);
       //  take the credit back since we are ignoring this ack and rely on other inflight data
-      if (len)
+      if (len) {
         --_in_flight_credit;
+      }
       return 0;
     }
+#endif
 
     size_t outLen;
     if (_chunked) {
@@ -410,9 +406,12 @@ size_t AsyncAbstractResponse::_ack(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, size_t len, u
       outLen = ((_contentLength - _sentLength) > space) ? space : (_contentLength - _sentLength);
     }
 
-    uint8_t* buf = (uint8_t*)malloc(outLen + headLen);
+    uint8_t *buf = (uint8_t *)malloc(outLen + headLen);
     if (!buf) {
-      // os_printf("_ack malloc %d failed\n", outLen+headLen);
+#ifdef ESP32
+      log_e("Failed to allocate");
+#endif
+      request->abort();
       return 0;
     }
 
@@ -430,7 +429,7 @@ size_t AsyncAbstractResponse::_ack(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, size_t len, u
         free(buf);
         return 0;
       }
-      outLen = sprintf((char*)buf + headLen, "%04x", readLen) + headLen;
+      outLen = sprintf((char *)buf + headLen, "%04x", readLen) + headLen;
       buf[outLen++] = '\r';
       buf[outLen++] = '\n';
       outLen += readLen;
@@ -450,9 +449,11 @@ size_t AsyncAbstractResponse::_ack(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, size_t len, u
     }
 
     if (outLen) {
-      _writtenLength += request->client()->write((const char*)buf, outLen);
+      _writtenLength += request->client()->write((const char *)buf, outLen);
+#if ASYNCWEBSERVER_USE_CHUNK_INFLIGHT
       _in_flight += outLen;
-      --_in_flight_credit; // take a credit
+      --_in_flight_credit;  // take a credit
+#endif
     }
 
     if (_chunked) {
@@ -471,14 +472,15 @@ size_t AsyncAbstractResponse::_ack(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, size_t len, u
   } else if (_state == RESPONSE_WAIT_ACK) {
     if (!_sendContentLength || _ackedLength >= _writtenLength) {
       _state = RESPONSE_END;
-      if (!_chunked && !_sendContentLength)
+      if (!_chunked && !_sendContentLength) {
         request->client()->close(true);
+      }
     }
   }
   return 0;
 }
 
-size_t AsyncAbstractResponse::_readDataFromCacheOrContent(uint8_t* data, const size_t len) {
+size_t AsyncAbstractResponse::_readDataFromCacheOrContent(uint8_t *data, const size_t len) {
   // If we have something in cache, copy it to buffer
   const size_t readFromCache = std::min(len, _cache.size());
   if (readFromCache) {
@@ -491,17 +493,20 @@ size_t AsyncAbstractResponse::_readDataFromCacheOrContent(uint8_t* data, const s
   return readFromCache + readFromContent;
 }
 
-size_t AsyncAbstractResponse::_fillBufferAndProcessTemplates(uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
-  if (!_callback)
+size_t AsyncAbstractResponse::_fillBufferAndProcessTemplates(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+  if (!_callback) {
     return _fillBuffer(data, len);
+  }
 
   const size_t originalLen = len;
   len = _readDataFromCacheOrContent(data, len);
   // Now we've read 'len' bytes, either from cache or from file
   // Search for template placeholders
-  uint8_t* pTemplateStart = data;
-  while ((pTemplateStart < &data[len]) && (pTemplateStart = (uint8_t*)memchr(pTemplateStart, TEMPLATE_PLACEHOLDER, &data[len - 1] - pTemplateStart + 1))) { // data[0] ... data[len - 1]
-    uint8_t* pTemplateEnd = (pTemplateStart < &data[len - 1]) ? (uint8_t*)memchr(pTemplateStart + 1, TEMPLATE_PLACEHOLDER, &data[len - 1] - pTemplateStart) : nullptr;
+  uint8_t *pTemplateStart = data;
+  while ((pTemplateStart < &data[len]) && (pTemplateStart = (uint8_t *)memchr(pTemplateStart, TEMPLATE_PLACEHOLDER, &data[len - 1] - pTemplateStart + 1))
+  ) {  // data[0] ... data[len - 1]
+    uint8_t *pTemplateEnd =
+      (pTemplateStart < &data[len - 1]) ? (uint8_t *)memchr(pTemplateStart + 1, TEMPLATE_PLACEHOLDER, &data[len - 1] - pTemplateStart) : nullptr;
     // temporary buffer to hold parameter name
     uint8_t buf[TEMPLATE_PARAM_NAME_LENGTH + 1];
     String paramName;
@@ -512,35 +517,39 @@ size_t AsyncAbstractResponse::_fillBufferAndProcessTemplates(uint8_t* data, size
       if (paramNameLength) {
         memcpy(buf, pTemplateStart + 1, paramNameLength);
         buf[paramNameLength] = 0;
-        paramName = String(reinterpret_cast<char*>(buf));
-      } else { // double percent sign encountered, this is single percent sign escaped.
+        paramName = String(reinterpret_cast<char *>(buf));
+      } else {  // double percent sign encountered, this is single percent sign escaped.
         // remove the 2nd percent sign
         memmove(pTemplateEnd, pTemplateEnd + 1, &data[len] - pTemplateEnd - 1);
         len += _readDataFromCacheOrContent(&data[len - 1], 1) - 1;
         ++pTemplateStart;
       }
-    } else if (&data[len - 1] - pTemplateStart + 1 < TEMPLATE_PARAM_NAME_LENGTH + 2) { // closing placeholder not found, check if it's in the remaining file data
+    } else if (&data[len - 1] - pTemplateStart + 1
+               < TEMPLATE_PARAM_NAME_LENGTH + 2) {  // closing placeholder not found, check if it's in the remaining file data
       memcpy(buf, pTemplateStart + 1, &data[len - 1] - pTemplateStart);
-      const size_t readFromCacheOrContent = _readDataFromCacheOrContent(buf + (&data[len - 1] - pTemplateStart), TEMPLATE_PARAM_NAME_LENGTH + 2 - (&data[len - 1] - pTemplateStart + 1));
+      const size_t readFromCacheOrContent =
+        _readDataFromCacheOrContent(buf + (&data[len - 1] - pTemplateStart), TEMPLATE_PARAM_NAME_LENGTH + 2 - (&data[len - 1] - pTemplateStart + 1));
       if (readFromCacheOrContent) {
-        pTemplateEnd = (uint8_t*)memchr(buf + (&data[len - 1] - pTemplateStart), TEMPLATE_PLACEHOLDER, readFromCacheOrContent);
+        pTemplateEnd = (uint8_t *)memchr(buf + (&data[len - 1] - pTemplateStart), TEMPLATE_PLACEHOLDER, readFromCacheOrContent);
         if (pTemplateEnd) {
           // prepare argument to callback
           *pTemplateEnd = 0;
-          paramName = String(reinterpret_cast<char*>(buf));
+          paramName = String(reinterpret_cast<char *>(buf));
           // Copy remaining read-ahead data into cache
           _cache.insert(_cache.begin(), pTemplateEnd + 1, buf + (&data[len - 1] - pTemplateStart) + readFromCacheOrContent);
           pTemplateEnd = &data[len - 1];
-        } else // closing placeholder not found in file data, store found percent symbol as is and advance to the next position
+        } else  // closing placeholder not found in file data, store found percent symbol as is and advance to the next position
         {
           // but first, store read file data in cache
           _cache.insert(_cache.begin(), buf + (&data[len - 1] - pTemplateStart), buf + (&data[len - 1] - pTemplateStart) + readFromCacheOrContent);
           ++pTemplateStart;
         }
-      } else // closing placeholder not found in content data, store found percent symbol as is and advance to the next position
+      } else {  // closing placeholder not found in content data, store found percent symbol as is and advance to the next position
         ++pTemplateStart;
-    } else // closing placeholder not found in content data, store found percent symbol as is and advance to the next position
+      }
+    } else {  // closing placeholder not found in content data, store found percent symbol as is and advance to the next position
       ++pTemplateStart;
+    }
     if (paramName.length()) {
       // call callback and replace with result.
       // Everything in range [pTemplateStart, pTemplateEnd] can be safely replaced with parameter value.
@@ -548,7 +557,7 @@ size_t AsyncAbstractResponse::_fillBufferAndProcessTemplates(uint8_t* data, size
       // The first byte of data after placeholder is located at pTemplateEnd + 1.
       // It should be located at pTemplateStart + numBytesCopied (to begin right after inserted parameter value).
       const String paramValue(_callback(paramName));
-      const char* pvstr = paramValue.c_str();
+      const char *pvstr = paramValue.c_str();
       const unsigned int pvlen = paramValue.length();
       const size_t numBytesCopied = std::min(pvlen, static_cast<unsigned int>(&data[originalLen - 1] - pTemplateStart + 1));
       // make room for param value
@@ -557,27 +566,28 @@ size_t AsyncAbstractResponse::_fillBufferAndProcessTemplates(uint8_t* data, size
         _cache.insert(_cache.begin(), &data[originalLen - (pTemplateStart + numBytesCopied - pTemplateEnd - 1)], &data[len]);
         // 2. parameter value is longer than placeholder text, push the data after placeholder which not saved into cache further to the end
         memmove(pTemplateStart + numBytesCopied, pTemplateEnd + 1, &data[originalLen] - pTemplateStart - numBytesCopied);
-        len = originalLen; // fix issue with truncated data, not sure if it has any side effects
-      } else if (pTemplateEnd + 1 != pTemplateStart + numBytesCopied)
+        len = originalLen;  // fix issue with truncated data, not sure if it has any side effects
+      } else if (pTemplateEnd + 1 != pTemplateStart + numBytesCopied) {
         // 2. Either parameter value is shorter than placeholder text OR there is enough free space in buffer to fit.
         //    Move the entire data after the placeholder
         memmove(pTemplateStart + numBytesCopied, pTemplateEnd + 1, &data[len] - pTemplateEnd - 1);
+      }
       // 3. replace placeholder with actual value
       memcpy(pTemplateStart, pvstr, numBytesCopied);
       // If result is longer than buffer, copy the remainder into cache (this could happen only if placeholder text itself did not fit entirely in buffer)
       if (numBytesCopied < pvlen) {
         _cache.insert(_cache.begin(), pvstr + numBytesCopied, pvstr + pvlen);
-      } else if (pTemplateStart + numBytesCopied < pTemplateEnd + 1) { // result is copied fully; if result is shorter than placeholder text...
+      } else if (pTemplateStart + numBytesCopied < pTemplateEnd + 1) {  // result is copied fully; if result is shorter than placeholder text...
         // there is some free room, fill it from cache
         const size_t roomFreed = pTemplateEnd + 1 - pTemplateStart - numBytesCopied;
         const size_t totalFreeRoom = originalLen - len + roomFreed;
         len += _readDataFromCacheOrContent(&data[len - roomFreed], totalFreeRoom) - roomFreed;
-      } else { // result is copied fully; it is longer than placeholder text
+      } else {  // result is copied fully; it is longer than placeholder text
         const size_t roomTaken = pTemplateStart + numBytesCopied - pTemplateEnd - 1;
         len = std::min(len + roomTaken, originalLen);
       }
     }
-  } // while(pTemplateStart)
+  }  // while(pTemplateStart)
   return len;
 }
 
@@ -585,64 +595,66 @@ size_t AsyncAbstractResponse::_fillBufferAndProcessTemplates(uint8_t* data, size
  * File Response
  * */
 
-void AsyncFileResponse::_setContentTypeFromPath(const String& path) {
+void AsyncFileResponse::_setContentTypeFromPath(const String &path) {
 #if HAVE_EXTERN_GET_Content_Type_FUNCTION
-  #ifndef ESP8266
-  extern const char* getContentType(const String& path);
-  #else
-  extern const __FlashStringHelper* getContentType(const String& path);
-  #endif
+#ifndef ESP8266
+  extern const char *getContentType(const String &path);
+#else
+  extern const __FlashStringHelper *getContentType(const String &path);
+#endif
   _contentType = getContentType(path);
 #else
-  if (path.endsWith(T__html))
+  if (path.endsWith(T__html)) {
     _contentType = T_text_html;
-  else if (path.endsWith(T__htm))
+  } else if (path.endsWith(T__htm)) {
     _contentType = T_text_html;
-  else if (path.endsWith(T__css))
+  } else if (path.endsWith(T__css)) {
     _contentType = T_text_css;
-  else if (path.endsWith(T__json))
+  } else if (path.endsWith(T__json)) {
     _contentType = T_application_json;
-  else if (path.endsWith(T__js))
+  } else if (path.endsWith(T__js)) {
     _contentType = T_application_javascript;
-  else if (path.endsWith(T__png))
+  } else if (path.endsWith(T__png)) {
     _contentType = T_image_png;
-  else if (path.endsWith(T__gif))
+  } else if (path.endsWith(T__gif)) {
     _contentType = T_image_gif;
-  else if (path.endsWith(T__jpg))
+  } else if (path.endsWith(T__jpg)) {
     _contentType = T_image_jpeg;
-  else if (path.endsWith(T__ico))
+  } else if (path.endsWith(T__ico)) {
     _contentType = T_image_x_icon;
-  else if (path.endsWith(T__svg))
+  } else if (path.endsWith(T__svg)) {
     _contentType = T_image_svg_xml;
-  else if (path.endsWith(T__eot))
+  } else if (path.endsWith(T__eot)) {
     _contentType = T_font_eot;
-  else if (path.endsWith(T__woff))
+  } else if (path.endsWith(T__woff)) {
     _contentType = T_font_woff;
-  else if (path.endsWith(T__woff2))
+  } else if (path.endsWith(T__woff2)) {
     _contentType = T_font_woff2;
-  else if (path.endsWith(T__ttf))
+  } else if (path.endsWith(T__ttf)) {
     _contentType = T_font_ttf;
-  else if (path.endsWith(T__xml))
+  } else if (path.endsWith(T__xml)) {
     _contentType = T_text_xml;
-  else if (path.endsWith(T__pdf))
+  } else if (path.endsWith(T__pdf)) {
     _contentType = T_application_pdf;
-  else if (path.endsWith(T__zip))
+  } else if (path.endsWith(T__zip)) {
     _contentType = T_application_zip;
-  else if (path.endsWith(T__gz))
+  } else if (path.endsWith(T__gz)) {
     _contentType = T_application_x_gzip;
-  else
+  } else {
     _contentType = T_text_plain;
+  }
 #endif
 }
 
-AsyncFileResponse::AsyncFileResponse(FS& fs, const String& path, const char* contentType, bool download, AwsTemplateProcessor callback) : AsyncAbstractResponse(callback) {
+AsyncFileResponse::AsyncFileResponse(FS &fs, const String &path, const char *contentType, bool download, AwsTemplateProcessor callback)
+  : AsyncAbstractResponse(callback) {
   _code = 200;
   _path = path;
 
   if (!download && !fs.exists(_path) && fs.exists(_path + T__gz)) {
     _path = _path + T__gz;
     addHeader(T_Content_Encoding, T_gzip, false);
-    _callback = nullptr; // Unable to process zipped templates
+    _callback = nullptr;  // Unable to process zipped templates
     _sendContentLength = true;
     _chunked = false;
   }
@@ -650,14 +662,15 @@ AsyncFileResponse::AsyncFileResponse(FS& fs, const String& path, const char* con
   _content = fs.open(_path, fs::FileOpenMode::read);
   _contentLength = _content.size();
 
-  if (strlen(contentType) == 0)
+  if (strlen(contentType) == 0) {
     _setContentTypeFromPath(path);
-  else
+  } else {
     _contentType = contentType;
+  }
 
   int filenameStart = path.lastIndexOf('/') + 1;
   char buf[26 + path.length() - filenameStart];
-  char* filename = (char*)path.c_str() + filenameStart;
+  char *filename = (char *)path.c_str() + filenameStart;
 
   if (download) {
     // set filename and force download
@@ -669,13 +682,14 @@ AsyncFileResponse::AsyncFileResponse(FS& fs, const String& path, const char* con
   addHeader(T_Content_Disposition, buf, false);
 }
 
-AsyncFileResponse::AsyncFileResponse(File content, const String& path, const char* contentType, bool download, AwsTemplateProcessor callback) : AsyncAbstractResponse(callback) {
+AsyncFileResponse::AsyncFileResponse(File content, const String &path, const char *contentType, bool download, AwsTemplateProcessor callback)
+  : AsyncAbstractResponse(callback) {
   _code = 200;
   _path = path;
 
   if (!download && String(content.name()).endsWith(T__gz) && !path.endsWith(T__gz)) {
     addHeader(T_Content_Encoding, T_gzip, false);
-    _callback = nullptr; // Unable to process gzipped templates
+    _callback = nullptr;  // Unable to process gzipped templates
     _sendContentLength = true;
     _chunked = false;
   }
@@ -683,14 +697,15 @@ AsyncFileResponse::AsyncFileResponse(File content, const String& path, const cha
   _content = content;
   _contentLength = _content.size();
 
-  if (strlen(contentType) == 0)
+  if (strlen(contentType) == 0) {
     _setContentTypeFromPath(path);
-  else
+  } else {
     _contentType = contentType;
+  }
 
   int filenameStart = path.lastIndexOf('/') + 1;
   char buf[26 + path.length() - filenameStart];
-  char* filename = (char*)path.c_str() + filenameStart;
+  char *filename = (char *)path.c_str() + filenameStart;
 
   if (download) {
     snprintf_P(buf, sizeof(buf), PSTR("attachment; filename=\"%s\""), filename);
@@ -700,7 +715,7 @@ AsyncFileResponse::AsyncFileResponse(File content, const String& path, const cha
   addHeader(T_Content_Disposition, buf, false);
 }
 
-size_t AsyncFileResponse::_fillBuffer(uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
+size_t AsyncFileResponse::_fillBuffer(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   return _content.read(data, len);
 }
 
@@ -708,19 +723,20 @@ size_t AsyncFileResponse::_fillBuffer(uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
  * Stream Response
  * */
 
-AsyncStreamResponse::AsyncStreamResponse(Stream& stream, const char* contentType, size_t len, AwsTemplateProcessor callback) : AsyncAbstractResponse(callback) {
+AsyncStreamResponse::AsyncStreamResponse(Stream &stream, const char *contentType, size_t len, AwsTemplateProcessor callback) : AsyncAbstractResponse(callback) {
   _code = 200;
   _content = &stream;
   _contentLength = len;
   _contentType = contentType;
 }
 
-size_t AsyncStreamResponse::_fillBuffer(uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
+size_t AsyncStreamResponse::_fillBuffer(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   size_t available = _content->available();
   size_t outLen = (available > len) ? len : available;
   size_t i;
-  for (i = 0; i < outLen; i++)
+  for (i = 0; i < outLen; i++) {
     data[i] = _content->read();
+  }
   return outLen;
 }
 
@@ -728,17 +744,19 @@ size_t AsyncStreamResponse::_fillBuffer(uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
  * Callback Response
  * */
 
-AsyncCallbackResponse::AsyncCallbackResponse(const char* contentType, size_t len, AwsResponseFiller callback, AwsTemplateProcessor templateCallback) : AsyncAbstractResponse(templateCallback) {
+AsyncCallbackResponse::AsyncCallbackResponse(const char *contentType, size_t len, AwsResponseFiller callback, AwsTemplateProcessor templateCallback)
+  : AsyncAbstractResponse(templateCallback) {
   _code = 200;
   _content = callback;
   _contentLength = len;
-  if (!len)
+  if (!len) {
     _sendContentLength = false;
+  }
   _contentType = contentType;
   _filledLength = 0;
 }
 
-size_t AsyncCallbackResponse::_fillBuffer(uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
+size_t AsyncCallbackResponse::_fillBuffer(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   size_t ret = _content(data, len, _filledLength);
   if (ret != RESPONSE_TRY_AGAIN) {
     _filledLength += ret;
@@ -750,7 +768,8 @@ size_t AsyncCallbackResponse::_fillBuffer(uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
  * Chunked Response
  * */
 
-AsyncChunkedResponse::AsyncChunkedResponse(const char* contentType, AwsResponseFiller callback, AwsTemplateProcessor processorCallback) : AsyncAbstractResponse(processorCallback) {
+AsyncChunkedResponse::AsyncChunkedResponse(const char *contentType, AwsResponseFiller callback, AwsTemplateProcessor processorCallback)
+  : AsyncAbstractResponse(processorCallback) {
   _code = 200;
   _content = callback;
   _contentLength = 0;
@@ -760,7 +779,7 @@ AsyncChunkedResponse::AsyncChunkedResponse(const char* contentType, AwsResponseF
   _filledLength = 0;
 }
 
-size_t AsyncChunkedResponse::_fillBuffer(uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
+size_t AsyncChunkedResponse::_fillBuffer(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   size_t ret = _content(data, len, _filledLength);
   if (ret != RESPONSE_TRY_AGAIN) {
     _filledLength += ret;
@@ -772,7 +791,8 @@ size_t AsyncChunkedResponse::_fillBuffer(uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
  * Progmem Response
  * */
 
-AsyncProgmemResponse::AsyncProgmemResponse(int code, const char* contentType, const uint8_t* content, size_t len, AwsTemplateProcessor callback) : AsyncAbstractResponse(callback) {
+AsyncProgmemResponse::AsyncProgmemResponse(int code, const char *contentType, const uint8_t *content, size_t len, AwsTemplateProcessor callback)
+  : AsyncAbstractResponse(callback) {
   _code = code;
   _content = content;
   _contentType = contentType;
@@ -780,7 +800,7 @@ AsyncProgmemResponse::AsyncProgmemResponse(int code, const char* contentType, co
   _readLength = 0;
 }
 
-size_t AsyncProgmemResponse::_fillBuffer(uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
+size_t AsyncProgmemResponse::_fillBuffer(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   size_t left = _contentLength - _readLength;
   if (left > len) {
     memcpy_P(data, _content + _readLength, len);
@@ -796,20 +816,25 @@ size_t AsyncProgmemResponse::_fillBuffer(uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
  * Response Stream (You can print/write/printf to it, up to the contentLen bytes)
  * */
 
-AsyncResponseStream::AsyncResponseStream(const char* contentType, size_t bufferSize) {
+AsyncResponseStream::AsyncResponseStream(const char *contentType, size_t bufferSize) {
   _code = 200;
   _contentLength = 0;
   _contentType = contentType;
-  _content.reserve(bufferSize);
+  if (!_content.reserve(bufferSize)) {
+#ifdef ESP32
+    log_e("Failed to allocate");
+#endif
+  }
 }
 
-size_t AsyncResponseStream::_fillBuffer(uint8_t* buf, size_t maxLen) {
-  return _content.readBytes((char*)buf, maxLen);
+size_t AsyncResponseStream::_fillBuffer(uint8_t *buf, size_t maxLen) {
+  return _content.readBytes((char *)buf, maxLen);
 }
 
-size_t AsyncResponseStream::write(const uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
-  if (_started())
+size_t AsyncResponseStream::write(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+  if (_started()) {
     return 0;
+  }
   size_t written = _content.write(data, len);
   _contentLength += written;
   return written;

src/WebServer.cpp

@@ -1,29 +1,12 @@
-/*
-  Asynchronous WebServer library for Espressif MCUs
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
 
-  Copyright (c) 2016 Hristo Gochkov. All rights reserved.
-  This file is part of the esp8266 core for Arduino environment.
-
-  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
-  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
-  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
-  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
-
-  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
-  Lesser General Public License for more details.
-
-  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
-  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
-  Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
-*/
 #include "ESPAsyncWebServer.h"
 #include "WebHandlerImpl.h"
 
 using namespace asyncsrv;
 
-bool ON_STA_FILTER(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
+bool ON_STA_FILTER(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
 #ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
   return WiFi.localIP() == request->client()->localIP();
 #else
@@ -31,7 +14,7 @@ bool ON_STA_FILTER(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
 #endif
 }
 
-bool ON_AP_FILTER(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
+bool ON_AP_FILTER(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
 #ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2
   return WiFi.localIP() != request->client()->localIP();
 #else
@@ -40,51 +23,51 @@ bool ON_AP_FILTER(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
 }
 
 #ifndef HAVE_FS_FILE_OPEN_MODE
-const char* fs::FileOpenMode::read = "r";
-const char* fs::FileOpenMode::write = "w";
-const char* fs::FileOpenMode::append = "a";
+const char *fs::FileOpenMode::read = "r";
+const char *fs::FileOpenMode::write = "w";
+const char *fs::FileOpenMode::append = "a";
 #endif
 
-AsyncWebServer::AsyncWebServer(uint16_t port)
-    : _server(port) {
+AsyncWebServer::AsyncWebServer(uint16_t port) : _server(port) {
   _catchAllHandler = new AsyncCallbackWebHandler();
-  if (_catchAllHandler == NULL)
-    return;
-  _server.onClient([](void* s, AsyncClient* c) {
-    if (c == NULL)
-      return;
-    c->setRxTimeout(3);
-    AsyncWebServerRequest* r = new AsyncWebServerRequest((AsyncWebServer*)s, c);
-    if (r == NULL) {
-      c->abort();
-      delete c;
-    }
-  },
-                   this);
+  _server.onClient(
+    [](void *s, AsyncClient *c) {
+      if (c == NULL) {
+        return;
+      }
+      c->setRxTimeout(3);
+      AsyncWebServerRequest *r = new AsyncWebServerRequest((AsyncWebServer *)s, c);
+      if (r == NULL) {
+        c->abort();
+        delete c;
+      }
+    },
+    this
+  );
 }
 
 AsyncWebServer::~AsyncWebServer() {
   reset();
   end();
-  if (_catchAllHandler)
-    delete _catchAllHandler;
+  delete _catchAllHandler;
+  _catchAllHandler = nullptr;  // Prevent potential use-after-free
 }
 
-AsyncWebRewrite& AsyncWebServer::addRewrite(std::shared_ptr<AsyncWebRewrite> rewrite) {
+AsyncWebRewrite &AsyncWebServer::addRewrite(std::shared_ptr<AsyncWebRewrite> rewrite) {
   _rewrites.emplace_back(rewrite);
   return *_rewrites.back().get();
 }
 
-AsyncWebRewrite& AsyncWebServer::addRewrite(AsyncWebRewrite* rewrite) {
+AsyncWebRewrite &AsyncWebServer::addRewrite(AsyncWebRewrite *rewrite) {
   _rewrites.emplace_back(rewrite);
   return *_rewrites.back().get();
 }
 
-bool AsyncWebServer::removeRewrite(AsyncWebRewrite* rewrite) {
+bool AsyncWebServer::removeRewrite(AsyncWebRewrite *rewrite) {
   return removeRewrite(rewrite->from().c_str(), rewrite->toUrl().c_str());
 }
 
-bool AsyncWebServer::removeRewrite(const char* from, const char* to) {
+bool AsyncWebServer::removeRewrite(const char *from, const char *to) {
   for (auto r = _rewrites.begin(); r != _rewrites.end(); ++r) {
     if (r->get()->from() == from && r->get()->toUrl() == to) {
       _rewrites.erase(r);
@@ -94,17 +77,17 @@ bool AsyncWebServer::removeRewrite(const char* from, const char* to) {
   return false;
 }
 
-AsyncWebRewrite& AsyncWebServer::rewrite(const char* from, const char* to) {
+AsyncWebRewrite &AsyncWebServer::rewrite(const char *from, const char *to) {
   _rewrites.emplace_back(std::make_shared<AsyncWebRewrite>(from, to));
   return *_rewrites.back().get();
 }
 
-AsyncWebHandler& AsyncWebServer::addHandler(AsyncWebHandler* handler) {
+AsyncWebHandler &AsyncWebServer::addHandler(AsyncWebHandler *handler) {
   _handlers.emplace_back(handler);
   return *(_handlers.back().get());
 }
 
-bool AsyncWebServer::removeHandler(AsyncWebHandler* handler) {
+bool AsyncWebServer::removeHandler(AsyncWebHandler *handler) {
   for (auto i = _handlers.begin(); i != _handlers.end(); ++i) {
     if (i->get() == handler) {
       _handlers.erase(i);
@@ -124,21 +107,23 @@ void AsyncWebServer::end() {
 }
 
 #if ASYNC_TCP_SSL_ENABLED
-void AsyncWebServer::onSslFileRequest(AcSSlFileHandler cb, void* arg) {
+void AsyncWebServer::onSslFileRequest(AcSSlFileHandler cb, void *arg) {
   _server.onSslFileRequest(cb, arg);
 }
 
-void AsyncWebServer::beginSecure(const char* cert, const char* key, const char* password) {
+void AsyncWebServer::beginSecure(const char *cert, const char *key, const char *password) {
   _server.beginSecure(cert, key, password);
 }
 #endif
 
-void AsyncWebServer::_handleDisconnect(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
+void AsyncWebServer::_handleDisconnect(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
   delete request;
 }
 
-void AsyncWebServer::_rewriteRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-  for (const auto& r : _rewrites) {
+void AsyncWebServer::_rewriteRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+  // the last rewrite that matches the request will be used
+  // we do not break the loop to allow for multiple rewrites to be applied and only the last one to be used (allows overriding)
+  for (const auto &r : _rewrites) {
     if (r->match(request)) {
       request->_url = r->toUrl();
       request->_addGetParams(r->params());
@@ -146,19 +131,21 @@ void AsyncWebServer::_rewriteRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
   }
 }
 
-void AsyncWebServer::_attachHandler(AsyncWebServerRequest* request) {
-  for (auto& h : _handlers) {
+void AsyncWebServer::_attachHandler(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
+  for (auto &h : _handlers) {
     if (h->filter(request) && h->canHandle(request)) {
       request->setHandler(h.get());
       return;
     }
   }
-
+  // ESP_LOGD("AsyncWebServer", "No handler found for %s, using _catchAllHandler pointer: %p", request->url().c_str(), _catchAllHandler);
   request->setHandler(_catchAllHandler);
 }
 
-AsyncCallbackWebHandler& AsyncWebServer::on(const char* uri, WebRequestMethodComposite method, ArRequestHandlerFunction onRequest, ArUploadHandlerFunction onUpload, ArBodyHandlerFunction onBody) {
-  AsyncCallbackWebHandler* handler = new AsyncCallbackWebHandler();
+AsyncCallbackWebHandler &AsyncWebServer::on(
+  const char *uri, WebRequestMethodComposite method, ArRequestHandlerFunction onRequest, ArUploadHandlerFunction onUpload, ArBodyHandlerFunction onBody
+) {
+  AsyncCallbackWebHandler *handler = new AsyncCallbackWebHandler();
   handler->setUri(uri);
   handler->setMethod(method);
   handler->onRequest(onRequest);
@@ -168,8 +155,8 @@ AsyncCallbackWebHandler& AsyncWebServer::on(const char* uri, WebRequestMethodCom
   return *handler;
 }
 
-AsyncStaticWebHandler& AsyncWebServer::serveStatic(const char* uri, fs::FS& fs, const char* path, const char* cache_control) {
-  AsyncStaticWebHandler* handler = new AsyncStaticWebHandler(uri, fs, path, cache_control);
+AsyncStaticWebHandler &AsyncWebServer::serveStatic(const char *uri, fs::FS &fs, const char *path, const char *cache_control) {
+  AsyncStaticWebHandler *handler = new AsyncStaticWebHandler(uri, fs, path, cache_control);
   addHandler(handler);
   return *handler;
 }
@@ -186,13 +173,15 @@ void AsyncWebServer::onRequestBody(ArBodyHandlerFunction fn) {
   _catchAllHandler->onBody(fn);
 }
 
+AsyncWebHandler &AsyncWebServer::catchAllHandler() const {
+  return *_catchAllHandler;
+}
+
 void AsyncWebServer::reset() {
   _rewrites.clear();
   _handlers.clear();
 
-  if (_catchAllHandler != NULL) {
-    _catchAllHandler->onRequest(NULL);
-    _catchAllHandler->onUpload(NULL);
-    _catchAllHandler->onBody(NULL);
-  }
+  _catchAllHandler->onRequest(NULL);
+  _catchAllHandler->onUpload(NULL);
+  _catchAllHandler->onBody(NULL);
 }

src/literals.h

@@ -1,183 +1,193 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
+
 #pragma once
 
 namespace asyncsrv {
 
-  static constexpr const char* empty = "";
+static constexpr const char *empty = "";
 
-  static constexpr const char* T__opaque = "\", opaque=\"";
-  static constexpr const char* T_100_CONTINUE = "100-continue";
-  static constexpr const char* T_13 = "13";
-  static constexpr const char* T_ACCEPT = "accept";
-  static constexpr const char* T_Accept_Ranges = "accept-ranges";
-  static constexpr const char* T_app_xform_urlencoded = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
-  static constexpr const char* T_AUTH = "authorization";
-  static constexpr const char* T_auth_nonce = "\", qop=\"auth\", nonce=\"";
-  static constexpr const char* T_BASIC = "basic";
-  static constexpr const char* T_BASIC_REALM = "basic realm=\"";
-  static constexpr const char* T_BEARER = "bearer";
-  static constexpr const char* T_BODY = "body";
-  static constexpr const char* T_Cache_Control = "cache-control";
-  static constexpr const char* T_chunked = "chunked";
-  static constexpr const char* T_close = "close";
-  static constexpr const char* T_cnonce = "cnonce";
-  static constexpr const char* T_Connection = "connection";
-  static constexpr const char* T_Content_Disposition = "content-disposition";
-  static constexpr const char* T_Content_Encoding = "content-encoding";
-  static constexpr const char* T_Content_Length = "content-length";
-  static constexpr const char* T_Content_Type = "content-type";
-  static constexpr const char* T_Cookie = "cookie";
-  static constexpr const char* T_CORS_ACAC = "access-control-allow-credentials";
-  static constexpr const char* T_CORS_ACAH = "access-control-allow-headers";
-  static constexpr const char* T_CORS_ACAM = "access-control-allow-methods";
-  static constexpr const char* T_CORS_ACAO = "access-control-allow-origin";
-  static constexpr const char* T_CORS_ACMA = "access-control-max-age";
-  static constexpr const char* T_CORS_O = "origin";
-  static constexpr const char* T_data_ = "data: ";
-  static constexpr const char* T_DIGEST = "digest";
-  static constexpr const char* T_DIGEST_ = "digest ";
-  static constexpr const char* T_ETag = "etag";
-  static constexpr const char* T_event_ = "event: ";
-  static constexpr const char* T_EXPECT = "expect";
-  static constexpr const char* T_FALSE = "false";
-  static constexpr const char* T_filename = "filename";
-  static constexpr const char* T_gzip = "gzip";
-  static constexpr const char* T_Host = "host";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_1_0 = "HTTP/1.0";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_100_CONT = "HTTP/1.1 100 Continue\r\n\r\n";
-  static constexpr const char* T_id__ = "id: ";
-  static constexpr const char* T_IMS = "if-modified-since";
-  static constexpr const char* T_INM = "if-none-match";
-  static constexpr const char* T_keep_alive = "keep-alive";
-  static constexpr const char* T_Last_Event_ID = "last-event-id";
-  static constexpr const char* T_Last_Modified = "last-modified";
-  static constexpr const char* T_LOCATION = "location";
-  static constexpr const char* T_LOGIN_REQ = "Login Required";
-  static constexpr const char* T_MULTIPART_ = "multipart/";
-  static constexpr const char* T_name = "name";
-  static constexpr const char* T_nc = "nc";
-  static constexpr const char* T_no_cache = "no-cache";
-  static constexpr const char* T_nonce = "nonce";
-  static constexpr const char* T_none = "none";
-  static constexpr const char* T_opaque = "opaque";
-  static constexpr const char* T_qop = "qop";
-  static constexpr const char* T_realm = "realm";
-  static constexpr const char* T_realm__ = "realm=\"";
-  static constexpr const char* T_response = "response";
-  static constexpr const char* T_retry_ = "retry: ";
-  static constexpr const char* T_retry_after = "retry-after";
-  static constexpr const char* T_nn = "\n\n";
-  static constexpr const char* T_rn = "\r\n";
-  static constexpr const char* T_rnrn = "\r\n\r\n";
-  static constexpr const char* T_Transfer_Encoding = "transfer-encoding";
-  static constexpr const char* T_TRUE = "true";
-  static constexpr const char* T_UPGRADE = "upgrade";
-  static constexpr const char* T_uri = "uri";
-  static constexpr const char* T_username = "username";
-  static constexpr const char* T_WS = "websocket";
-  static constexpr const char* T_WWW_AUTH = "www-authenticate";
+static constexpr const char *T__opaque = "\", opaque=\"";
+static constexpr const char *T_100_CONTINUE = "100-continue";
+static constexpr const char *T_13 = "13";
+static constexpr const char *T_ACCEPT = "accept";
+static constexpr const char *T_Accept_Ranges = "accept-ranges";
+static constexpr const char *T_app_xform_urlencoded = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
+static constexpr const char *T_AUTH = "authorization";
+static constexpr const char *T_auth_nonce = "\", qop=\"auth\", nonce=\"";
+static constexpr const char *T_BASIC = "basic";
+static constexpr const char *T_BASIC_REALM = "basic realm=\"";
+static constexpr const char *T_BEARER = "bearer";
+static constexpr const char *T_BODY = "body";
+static constexpr const char *T_Cache_Control = "cache-control";
+static constexpr const char *T_chunked = "chunked";
+static constexpr const char *T_close = "close";
+static constexpr const char *T_cnonce = "cnonce";
+static constexpr const char *T_Connection = "connection";
+static constexpr const char *T_Content_Disposition = "content-disposition";
+static constexpr const char *T_Content_Encoding = "content-encoding";
+static constexpr const char *T_Content_Length = "content-length";
+static constexpr const char *T_Content_Type = "content-type";
+static constexpr const char *T_Content_Location = "content-location";
+static constexpr const char *T_Cookie = "cookie";
+static constexpr const char *T_CORS_ACAC = "access-control-allow-credentials";
+static constexpr const char *T_CORS_ACAH = "access-control-allow-headers";
+static constexpr const char *T_CORS_ACAM = "access-control-allow-methods";
+static constexpr const char *T_CORS_ACAO = "access-control-allow-origin";
+static constexpr const char *T_CORS_ACMA = "access-control-max-age";
+static constexpr const char *T_CORS_O = "origin";
+static constexpr const char *T_data_ = "data: ";
+static constexpr const char *T_Date = "date";
+static constexpr const char *T_DIGEST = "digest";
+static constexpr const char *T_DIGEST_ = "digest ";
+static constexpr const char *T_ETag = "etag";
+static constexpr const char *T_event_ = "event: ";
+static constexpr const char *T_EXPECT = "expect";
+static constexpr const char *T_FALSE = "false";
+static constexpr const char *T_filename = "filename";
+static constexpr const char *T_gzip = "gzip";
+static constexpr const char *T_Host = "host";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_1_0 = "HTTP/1.0";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_100_CONT = "HTTP/1.1 100 Continue\r\n\r\n";
+static constexpr const char *T_id__ = "id: ";
+static constexpr const char *T_IMS = "if-modified-since";
+static constexpr const char *T_INM = "if-none-match";
+static constexpr const char *T_keep_alive = "keep-alive";
+static constexpr const char *T_Last_Event_ID = "last-event-id";
+static constexpr const char *T_Last_Modified = "last-modified";
+static constexpr const char *T_LOCATION = "location";
+static constexpr const char *T_LOGIN_REQ = "Login Required";
+static constexpr const char *T_MULTIPART_ = "multipart/";
+static constexpr const char *T_name = "name";
+static constexpr const char *T_nc = "nc";
+static constexpr const char *T_no_cache = "no-cache";
+static constexpr const char *T_nonce = "nonce";
+static constexpr const char *T_none = "none";
+static constexpr const char *T_opaque = "opaque";
+static constexpr const char *T_qop = "qop";
+static constexpr const char *T_realm = "realm";
+static constexpr const char *T_realm__ = "realm=\"";
+static constexpr const char *T_response = "response";
+static constexpr const char *T_retry_ = "retry: ";
+static constexpr const char *T_retry_after = "retry-after";
+static constexpr const char *T_nn = "\n\n";
+static constexpr const char *T_rn = "\r\n";
+static constexpr const char *T_rnrn = "\r\n\r\n";
+static constexpr const char *T_Server = "server";
+static constexpr const char *T_Transfer_Encoding = "transfer-encoding";
+static constexpr const char *T_TRUE = "true";
+static constexpr const char *T_UPGRADE = "upgrade";
+static constexpr const char *T_uri = "uri";
+static constexpr const char *T_username = "username";
+static constexpr const char *T_WS = "websocket";
+static constexpr const char *T_WWW_AUTH = "www-authenticate";
 
-  // HTTP Methods
+// HTTP Methods
 
-  static constexpr const char* T_ANY = "ANY";
-  static constexpr const char* T_GET = "GET";
-  static constexpr const char* T_POST = "POST";
-  static constexpr const char* T_PUT = "PUT";
-  static constexpr const char* T_DELETE = "DELETE";
-  static constexpr const char* T_PATCH = "PATCH";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HEAD = "HEAD";
-  static constexpr const char* T_OPTIONS = "OPTIONS";
-  static constexpr const char* T_UNKNOWN = "UNKNOWN";
+static constexpr const char *T_ANY = "ANY";
+static constexpr const char *T_GET = "GET";
+static constexpr const char *T_POST = "POST";
+static constexpr const char *T_PUT = "PUT";
+static constexpr const char *T_DELETE = "DELETE";
+static constexpr const char *T_PATCH = "PATCH";
+static constexpr const char *T_HEAD = "HEAD";
+static constexpr const char *T_OPTIONS = "OPTIONS";
+static constexpr const char *T_UNKNOWN = "UNKNOWN";
 
-  // Req content types
-  static constexpr const char* T_RCT_NOT_USED = "RCT_NOT_USED";
-  static constexpr const char* T_RCT_DEFAULT = "RCT_DEFAULT";
-  static constexpr const char* T_RCT_HTTP = "RCT_HTTP";
-  static constexpr const char* T_RCT_WS = "RCT_WS";
-  static constexpr const char* T_RCT_EVENT = "RCT_EVENT";
-  static constexpr const char* T_ERROR = "ERROR";
+// Req content types
+static constexpr const char *T_RCT_NOT_USED = "RCT_NOT_USED";
+static constexpr const char *T_RCT_DEFAULT = "RCT_DEFAULT";
+static constexpr const char *T_RCT_HTTP = "RCT_HTTP";
+static constexpr const char *T_RCT_WS = "RCT_WS";
+static constexpr const char *T_RCT_EVENT = "RCT_EVENT";
+static constexpr const char *T_ERROR = "ERROR";
 
-  // extentions & MIME-Types
-  static constexpr const char* T__css = ".css";
-  static constexpr const char* T__eot = ".eot";
-  static constexpr const char* T__gif = ".gif";
-  static constexpr const char* T__gz = ".gz";
-  static constexpr const char* T__htm = ".htm";
-  static constexpr const char* T__html = ".html";
-  static constexpr const char* T__ico = ".ico";
-  static constexpr const char* T__jpg = ".jpg";
-  static constexpr const char* T__js = ".js";
-  static constexpr const char* T__json = ".json";
-  static constexpr const char* T__pdf = ".pdf";
-  static constexpr const char* T__png = ".png";
-  static constexpr const char* T__svg = ".svg";
-  static constexpr const char* T__ttf = ".ttf";
-  static constexpr const char* T__woff = ".woff";
-  static constexpr const char* T__woff2 = ".woff2";
-  static constexpr const char* T__xml = ".xml";
-  static constexpr const char* T__zip = ".zip";
-  static constexpr const char* T_application_javascript = "application/javascript";
-  static constexpr const char* T_application_json = "application/json";
-  static constexpr const char* T_application_msgpack = "application/msgpack";
-  static constexpr const char* T_application_pdf = "application/pdf";
-  static constexpr const char* T_application_x_gzip = "application/x-gzip";
-  static constexpr const char* T_application_zip = "application/zip";
-  static constexpr const char* T_font_eot = "font/eot";
-  static constexpr const char* T_font_ttf = "font/ttf";
-  static constexpr const char* T_font_woff = "font/woff";
-  static constexpr const char* T_font_woff2 = "font/woff2";
-  static constexpr const char* T_image_gif = "image/gif";
-  static constexpr const char* T_image_jpeg = "image/jpeg";
-  static constexpr const char* T_image_png = "image/png";
-  static constexpr const char* T_image_svg_xml = "image/svg+xml";
-  static constexpr const char* T_image_x_icon = "image/x-icon";
-  static constexpr const char* T_text_css = "text/css";
-  static constexpr const char* T_text_event_stream = "text/event-stream";
-  static constexpr const char* T_text_html = "text/html";
-  static constexpr const char* T_text_plain = "text/plain";
-  static constexpr const char* T_text_xml = "text/xml";
+// extensions & MIME-Types
+static constexpr const char *T__css = ".css";
+static constexpr const char *T__eot = ".eot";
+static constexpr const char *T__gif = ".gif";
+static constexpr const char *T__gz = ".gz";
+static constexpr const char *T__htm = ".htm";
+static constexpr const char *T__html = ".html";
+static constexpr const char *T__ico = ".ico";
+static constexpr const char *T__jpg = ".jpg";
+static constexpr const char *T__js = ".js";
+static constexpr const char *T__json = ".json";
+static constexpr const char *T__pdf = ".pdf";
+static constexpr const char *T__png = ".png";
+static constexpr const char *T__svg = ".svg";
+static constexpr const char *T__ttf = ".ttf";
+static constexpr const char *T__woff = ".woff";
+static constexpr const char *T__woff2 = ".woff2";
+static constexpr const char *T__xml = ".xml";
+static constexpr const char *T__zip = ".zip";
+static constexpr const char *T_application_javascript = "application/javascript";
+static constexpr const char *T_application_json = "application/json";
+static constexpr const char *T_application_msgpack = "application/msgpack";
+static constexpr const char *T_application_pdf = "application/pdf";
+static constexpr const char *T_application_x_gzip = "application/x-gzip";
+static constexpr const char *T_application_zip = "application/zip";
+static constexpr const char *T_font_eot = "font/eot";
+static constexpr const char *T_font_ttf = "font/ttf";
+static constexpr const char *T_font_woff = "font/woff";
+static constexpr const char *T_font_woff2 = "font/woff2";
+static constexpr const char *T_image_gif = "image/gif";
+static constexpr const char *T_image_jpeg = "image/jpeg";
+static constexpr const char *T_image_png = "image/png";
+static constexpr const char *T_image_svg_xml = "image/svg+xml";
+static constexpr const char *T_image_x_icon = "image/x-icon";
+static constexpr const char *T_text_css = "text/css";
+static constexpr const char *T_text_event_stream = "text/event-stream";
+static constexpr const char *T_text_html = "text/html";
+static constexpr const char *T_text_plain = "text/plain";
+static constexpr const char *T_text_xml = "text/xml";
 
-  // Responce codes
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_100 = "Continue";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_101 = "Switching Protocols";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_200 = "OK";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_201 = "Created";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_202 = "Accepted";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_203 = "Non-Authoritative Information";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_204 = "No Content";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_205 = "Reset Content";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_206 = "Partial Content";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_300 = "Multiple Choices";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_301 = "Moved Permanently";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_302 = "Found";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_303 = "See Other";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_304 = "Not Modified";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_305 = "Use Proxy";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_307 = "Temporary Redirect";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_400 = "Bad Request";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_401 = "Unauthorized";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_402 = "Payment Required";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_403 = "Forbidden";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_404 = "Not Found";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_405 = "Method Not Allowed";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_406 = "Not Acceptable";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_407 = "Proxy Authentication Required";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_408 = "Request Time-out";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_409 = "Conflict";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_410 = "Gone";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_411 = "Length Required";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_412 = "Precondition Failed";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_413 = "Request Entity Too Large";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_414 = "Request-URI Too Large";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_415 = "Unsupported Media Type";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_416 = "Requested range not satisfiable";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_417 = "Expectation Failed";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_429 = "Too Many Requests";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_500 = "Internal Server Error";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_501 = "Not Implemented";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_502 = "Bad Gateway";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_503 = "Service Unavailable";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_504 = "Gateway Time-out";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_505 = "HTTP Version not supported";
-  static constexpr const char* T_HTTP_CODE_ANY = "Unknown code";
+// Response codes
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_100 = "Continue";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_101 = "Switching Protocols";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_200 = "OK";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_201 = "Created";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_202 = "Accepted";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_203 = "Non-Authoritative Information";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_204 = "No Content";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_205 = "Reset Content";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_206 = "Partial Content";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_300 = "Multiple Choices";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_301 = "Moved Permanently";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_302 = "Found";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_303 = "See Other";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_304 = "Not Modified";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_305 = "Use Proxy";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_307 = "Temporary Redirect";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_400 = "Bad Request";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_401 = "Unauthorized";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_402 = "Payment Required";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_403 = "Forbidden";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_404 = "Not Found";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_405 = "Method Not Allowed";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_406 = "Not Acceptable";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_407 = "Proxy Authentication Required";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_408 = "Request Time-out";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_409 = "Conflict";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_410 = "Gone";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_411 = "Length Required";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_412 = "Precondition Failed";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_413 = "Request Entity Too Large";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_414 = "Request-URI Too Large";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_415 = "Unsupported Media Type";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_416 = "Requested range not satisfiable";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_417 = "Expectation Failed";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_429 = "Too Many Requests";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_500 = "Internal Server Error";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_501 = "Not Implemented";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_502 = "Bad Gateway";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_503 = "Service Unavailable";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_504 = "Gateway Time-out";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_505 = "HTTP Version not supported";
+static constexpr const char *T_HTTP_CODE_ANY = "Unknown code";
 
-} // namespace asyncsrv {}
+static constexpr const uint8_t T_only_once_headers_len = 11;
+static constexpr const char *T_only_once_headers[] = {T_Content_Length,    T_Content_Type,     T_Date,   T_ETag,    T_Last_Modified, T_LOCATION, T_retry_after,
+                                                      T_Transfer_Encoding, T_Content_Location, T_Server, T_WWW_AUTH};
+
+}  // namespace asyncsrv